docs: 添加 D3D12 后端测试设计文档
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docs/D3D12后端测试设计.md
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docs/D3D12后端测试设计.md
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# D3D12 后端测试设计
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## 1. 概述
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本文档描述 XCEngine D3D12 渲染后端的测试框架设计，旨在为 D3D12 各组件提供全面、规范的自动化测试覆盖。
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### 1.1 测试目标
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- 验证 D3D12 各组件 API 的正确性
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- 确保组件间的协作正常工作
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- 捕获资源泄漏和内存错误
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- 支持持续集成（CI）自动化测试
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### 1.2 现有问题
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当前 `tests/D3D12/main.cpp` 存在以下问题：
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| 问题 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| 非自动化测试 | 截图和对比需手动触发 |
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| 缺乏单元测试 | 只有一个 Win32 图形程序，无法使用 Google Test |
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| 维护困难 | GT.ppm 是纯黑色图像，对比无实际意义 |
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| 容差问题 | 1% 阈值对硬件差异过于敏感 |
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## 2. 测试目录结构
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```
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tests/D3D12/
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├── CMakeLists.txt # 构建配置（需改造为 Google Test）
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├── fixtures/
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│ └── D3D12TestFixture.h # 基础测试夹具
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├── test_device.cpp # D3D12Device 测试
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├── test_command_queue.cpp # D3D12CommandQueue 测试
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├── test_command_allocator.cpp # D3D12CommandAllocator 测试
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├── test_command_list.cpp # D3D12CommandList 测试
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├── test_buffer.cpp # D3D12Buffer 测试
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├── test_texture.cpp # D3D12Texture 测试
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├── test_descriptor_heap.cpp # D3D12DescriptorHeap 测试
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├── test_pipeline_state.cpp # D3D12PipelineState 测试
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├── test_root_signature.cpp # D3D12RootSignature 测试
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├── test_fence.cpp # D3D12Fence 测试
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├── test_swap_chain.cpp # D3D12SwapChain 测试（需窗口）
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├── test_shader.cpp # D3D12Shader 测试
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├── test_views.cpp # RTV/DSV/SRV/UAV 测试
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└── test_screenshot.cpp # 渲染结果测试
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```
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## 3. 测试夹具设计
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### 3.1 基础夹具
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```cpp
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// fixtures/D3D12TestFixture.h
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#pragma once
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#include <gtest/gtest.h>
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#include <d3d12.h>
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#include <wrl/client.h>
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using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
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class D3D12TestFixture : public ::testing::Test {
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protected:
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static void SetUpTestSuite() {
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// 创建全局 D3D12 设备（所有测试共享）
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HRESULT hr = D3D12CreateDevice(
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nullptr, // 默认适配器
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D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_0, // 最低支持特性等级
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&mDevice)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr)) << "Failed to create D3D12 device";
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}
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static void TearDownTestSuite() {
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mDevice.Reset();
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}
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void SetUp() override {
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// 创建命令队列
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D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_DESC queueDesc = {};
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queueDesc.Type = D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT;
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HRESULT hr = mDevice->CreateCommandQueue(
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&queueDesc,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&mCommandQueue)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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// 创建命令分配器
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hr = mDevice->CreateCommandAllocator(
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D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&mCommandAllocator)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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// 创建命令列表
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hr = mDevice->CreateCommandList(
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0,
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D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,
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mCommandAllocator.Get(),
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nullptr,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&mCommandList)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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}
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void TearDown() override {
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// 等待所有命令执行完成
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WaitForGPU();
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mCommandList.Reset();
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mCommandAllocator.Reset();
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mCommandQueue.Reset();
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}
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// 常用辅助方法
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ID3D12Device* GetDevice() { return mDevice.Get(); }
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ID3D12CommandQueue* GetCommandQueue() { return mCommandQueue.Get(); }
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ID3D12CommandList* GetCommandList() { return mCommandList.Get(); }
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void WaitForGPU() {
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ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> fence;
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UINT64 fenceValue = 1;
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HRESULT hr = mDevice->CreateFence(
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0,
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D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&fence)
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);
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if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
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mCommandQueue->Signal(fence.Get(), fenceValue);
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HANDLE eventHandle = CreateEvent(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
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fence->SetEventOnCompletion(fenceValue, eventHandle);
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WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, INFINITE);
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CloseHandle(eventHandle);
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}
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}
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private:
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static ComPtr<ID3D12Device> mDevice;
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ComPtr<ID3D12CommandQueue> mCommandQueue;
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ComPtr<ID3D12CommandAllocator> mCommandAllocator;
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ComPtr<ID3D12CommandList> mCommandList;
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};
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// 静态成员定义
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ComPtr<ID3D12Device> D3D12TestFixture::mDevice;
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```
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### 3.2 资源测试夹具
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```cpp
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// fixtures/D3D12ResourceFixture.h
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#pragma once
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#include "D3D12TestFixture.h"
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class D3D12ResourceFixture : public D3D12TestFixture {
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protected:
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void CreateUploadBuffer(size_t size, ID3D12Resource** outResource) {
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CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES heapProps(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD);
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CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC bufferDesc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(size);
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HRESULT hr = GetDevice()->CreateCommittedResource(
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&heapProps,
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D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
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&bufferDesc,
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,
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nullptr,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(outResource)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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}
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void CreateDefaultBuffer(size_t size, ID3D12Resource** outResource) {
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CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES heapProps(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT);
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CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC bufferDesc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(size);
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HRESULT hr = GetDevice()->CreateCommittedResource(
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&heapProps,
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D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
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&bufferDesc,
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
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nullptr,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(outResource)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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}
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};
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```
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## 4. 测试分类
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### 4.1 单元测试
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测试单一 API 的基本功能，不依赖图形硬件渲染结果。
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_Buffer, Create_ValidSize_ReturnsSuccess) {
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const size_t bufferSize = 1024;
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D3D12Buffer buffer;
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bool result = buffer.Initialize(GetDevice(), bufferSize,
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,
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D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD);
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ASSERT_TRUE(result);
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ASSERT_NE(buffer.GetResource(), nullptr);
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ASSERT_EQ(buffer.GetResource()->GetDesc().Width, bufferSize);
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}
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TEST(D3D12_Buffer, Map_ValidRange_ReturnsValidPointer) {
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D3D12Buffer buffer;
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buffer.Initialize(GetDevice(), 256, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ, D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD);
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void* mappedData = buffer.Map(0, nullptr);
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ASSERT_NE(mappedData, nullptr);
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// 写入测试数据
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memset(mappedData, 0xAB, 256);
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buffer.Unmap(0, nullptr);
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}
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TEST(D3D12_DescriptorHeap, Create_RTVHeap_ReturnsValidHeap) {
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D3D12DescriptorHeap heap;
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bool result = heap.Initialize(GetDevice(), D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV, 4);
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ASSERT_TRUE(result);
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ASSERT_NE(heap.GetDescriptorHeap(), nullptr);
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}
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```
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### 4.2 集成测试
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测试多个组件的协作，例如 Buffer 数据上传到 GPU。
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_Buffer, UploadToGPU_DataIntegrity) {
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const size_t dataSize = sizeof(float) * 4;
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float testData[] = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f };
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// 创建默认缓冲（GPU 只读）
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D3D12Buffer gpuBuffer;
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gpuBuffer.Initialize(GetDevice(), dataSize, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST, D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT);
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// 创建上传缓冲（CPU 可写）
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D3D12Buffer uploadBuffer;
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uploadBuffer.Initialize(GetDevice(), dataSize, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ, D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD);
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// 复制数据到上传缓冲
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void* mappedData = uploadBuffer.Map(0, nullptr);
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memcpy(mappedData, testData, dataSize);
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uploadBuffer.Unmap(0, nullptr);
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// 通过命令列表复制
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GetCommandList()->CopyBufferRegion(
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gpuBuffer.GetResource(), 0,
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uploadBuffer.GetResource(), 0,
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dataSize
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);
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// 执行并等待
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GetCommandList()->Close();
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ID3D12CommandList* cmdLists[] = { GetCommandList() };
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GetCommandQueue()->ExecuteCommandLists(1, cmdLists);
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WaitForGPU();
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// 验证：使用映射读取返回的数据
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// （需要转换状态到 GENERIC_READ）
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}
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```
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### 4.3 渲染结果测试
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渲染到纹理并验证像素数据，而非渲染到屏幕。
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#### 4.3.1 测试策略
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| 方案 | 优点 | 缺点 |
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|------|------|------|
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| 渲染到 RTT | 无窗口依赖，可 CI | 需要 Mipmap 比较算法 |
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| Shader 输出测试值 | 精确验证 | 需要特殊 Shader |
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| Golden Image 对比 | 直观 | 维护成本高 |
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#### 4.3.2 推荐方案：渲染特定图案
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生成一个已知的测试图案（如渐变、棋盘格），渲染后读取像素验证：
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_RenderTarget, ClearColor_VerifyPixelValue) {
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// 创建渲染目标纹理
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const uint32_t width = 64;
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const uint32_t height = 64;
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D3D12Texture renderTarget;
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renderTarget.InitializeAsRenderTarget(
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GetDevice(), width, height,
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DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM
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);
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// 创建 RTV
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D3D12DescriptorHeap rtvHeap;
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rtvHeap.Initialize(GetDevice(), D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV, 1);
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D3D12RenderTargetView rtv;
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rtv.InitializeAt(
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GetDevice(),
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renderTarget.GetResource(),
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rtvHeap.GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(),
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nullptr
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);
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// 清空为特定颜色
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float clearColor[] = { 0.25f, 0.5f, 0.75f, 1.0f }; // R=64, G=128, B=192
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GetCommandList()->ClearRenderTargetView(
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rtvHeap.GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(),
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clearColor, 0, nullptr
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);
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// 转换状态用于读取
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GetCommandList()->TransitionBarrier(
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renderTarget.GetResource(),
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET,
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE
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);
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GetCommandList()->Close();
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ID3D12CommandList* cmdLists[] = { GetCommandList() };
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GetCommandQueue()->ExecuteCommandLists(1, cmdLists);
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WaitForGPU();
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// 读取像素数据
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std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(width * height * 4);
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ReadBackTexture(GetDevice(), GetCommandQueue(),
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renderTarget.GetResource(), pixels.data(), pixels.size());
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// 验证中心像素
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uint32_t centerIndex = (height / 2 * width + width / 2) * 4;
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EXPECT_NEAR(pixels[centerIndex + 0], 64, 2); // R
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EXPECT_NEAR(pixels[centerIndex + 1], 128, 2); // G
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EXPECT_NEAR(pixels[centerIndex + 2], 192, 2); // B
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}
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```
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#### 4.3.3 图案化渲染测试
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使用纯色 Shader 渲染特定图案：
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```hlsl
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// TestPattern.hlsl - 输出棋盘格图案
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float4 PSMain(PSInput input) : SV_Target {
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uint2 pixelPos = uint2(input.Position.xy);
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bool isWhite = ((pixelPos.x / 8) % 2) == ((pixelPos.y / 8) % 2);
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return isWhite ? float4(1,1,1,1) : float4(0,0,0,1);
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}
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```
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### 4.4 性能测试
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使用 Google Benchmark 或简单计时：
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_Performance, BufferCreation_1000Times) {
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const int iterations = 1000;
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auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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for (int i = 0; i < iterations; ++i) {
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D3D12Buffer buffer;
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buffer.Initialize(GetDevice(), 1024,
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D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,
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D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD);
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}
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auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start);
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printf("Created %d buffers in %ld ms\n", iterations, duration.count());
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}
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```
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## 5. 组件测试详情
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### 5.1 D3D12Device
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_Device, CheckFeatureSupport_D3D12OK) {
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D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_FEATURE_LEVELS featureLevels = {};
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featureLevels.NumFeatureLevels = 1;
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featureLevels.pFeatureLevelsRequested = &mFeatureLevel;
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HRESULT hr = GetDevice()->CheckFeatureSupport(
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D3D12_FEATURE_FEATURE_LEVELS,
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&featureLevels,
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sizeof(featureLevels)
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);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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ASSERT_EQ(featureLevels.MaxSupportedFeatureLevel, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_0);
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}
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```
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### 5.2 D3D12CommandList
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_CommandList, Reset_AfterClose_Succeeds) {
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// 第一次使用
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GetCommandList()->Close();
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// 重置并再次使用
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HRESULT hr = GetCommandList()->Reset(mCommandAllocator.Get(), nullptr);
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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}
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```
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### 5.3 D3D12Fence
|
||||
|
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```cpp
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TEST(D3D12_Fence, SignalAndWait) {
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ComPtr<ID3D12Fence> fence;
|
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UINT64 fenceValue = 1;
|
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|
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HRESULT hr = GetDevice()->CreateFence(
|
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0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE,
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IID_PPV_ARGS(&fence)
|
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);
|
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ASSERT_TRUE(SUCCEEDED(hr));
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|
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// Signal
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GetCommandQueue()->Signal(fence.Get(), fenceValue);
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// 等待
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ASSERT_EQ(fence->GetCompletedValue(), fenceValue);
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}
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```
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## 6. 资源泄漏检测
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 使用 D3D12 Debug Layer
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
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||||
#ifdef _DEBUG
|
||||
class D3D12LeakDetector {
|
||||
public:
|
||||
static void BeginFrame() {
|
||||
if (sDebugDevice) {
|
||||
sDebugDevice->SetName(L"Leak Detection Frame Start");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static void EndFrame() {
|
||||
if (sDebugDevice) {
|
||||
sDebugDevice->SetName(L"Leak Detection Frame End");
|
||||
sDebugDevice->ReportLiveDeviceObjects(
|
||||
D3D12_RDO_FLAGS::D3D12_RDO_FLAG_NONE
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static void SetDebugDevice(ID3D12DebugDevice* device) {
|
||||
sDebugDevice = device;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private:
|
||||
static ID3D12DebugDevice* sDebugDevice;
|
||||
};
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 在测试夹具中使用
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
class D3D12LeakCheckFixture : public D3D12TestFixture {
|
||||
protected:
|
||||
void TearDown() override {
|
||||
D3D12TestFixture::TearDown();
|
||||
|
||||
#ifdef _DEBUG
|
||||
D3D12LeakDetector::EndFrame();
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 7. 构建配置
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 CMakeLists.txt 修改
|
||||
|
||||
```cmake
|
||||
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
|
||||
|
||||
project(D3D12Tests)
|
||||
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
|
||||
|
||||
# Google Test
|
||||
include(FetchContent)
|
||||
FetchContent_Declare(
|
||||
googletest
|
||||
GIT_REPOSITORY https://gitee.com/mirrors/googletest.git
|
||||
GIT_TAG v1.14.0
|
||||
)
|
||||
set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
|
||||
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
|
||||
|
||||
enable_testing()
|
||||
|
||||
# 测试源文件
|
||||
set(TEST_SOURCES
|
||||
test_device.cpp
|
||||
test_command_queue.cpp
|
||||
test_command_allocator.cpp
|
||||
test_command_list.cpp
|
||||
test_buffer.cpp
|
||||
test_texture.cpp
|
||||
test_descriptor_heap.cpp
|
||||
test_pipeline_state.cpp
|
||||
test_root_signature.cpp
|
||||
test_fence.cpp
|
||||
test_shader.cpp
|
||||
test_views.cpp
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
add_executable(d3d12_tests ${TEST_SOURCES})
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(d3d12_tests PRIVATE
|
||||
d3d12
|
||||
dxgi
|
||||
d3dcompiler
|
||||
XCEngine
|
||||
GTest::gtest
|
||||
GTest::gtest_main
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
target_include_directories(d3d12_tests PRIVATE
|
||||
${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/engine/include
|
||||
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/fixtures
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
add_test(NAME D3D12Tests COMMAND d3d12_tests)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 8. CI 集成
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.1 Windows CI 配置示例
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
# .github/workflows/d3d12-tests.yml
|
||||
name: D3D12 Tests
|
||||
|
||||
on: [push, pull_request]
|
||||
|
||||
jobs:
|
||||
test:
|
||||
runs-on: windows-latest
|
||||
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Configure
|
||||
run: cmake -B build -S . -G "Visual Studio 17 2022"
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Build
|
||||
run: cmake --build build --config Debug
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Run Tests
|
||||
run: ctest --test-dir build -C Debug --output-on-failure
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 9. 测试覆盖矩阵
|
||||
|
||||
| 组件 | 单元测试 | 集成测试 | 渲染测试 | 性能测试 |
|
||||
|------|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|
|
||||
| D3D12Device | ✓ | - | - | ✓ |
|
||||
| D3D12CommandQueue | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ |
|
||||
| D3D12CommandAllocator | ✓ | - | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12CommandList | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12Buffer | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ |
|
||||
| D3D12Texture | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||||
| D3D12DescriptorHeap | ✓ | - | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12PipelineState | ✓ | - | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12RootSignature | ✓ | - | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12Fence | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
|
||||
| D3D12SwapChain | - | - | ✓ | - |
|
||||
| D3D12Shader | ✓ | - | - | - |
|
||||
| RTV/DSV/SRV/UAV | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - |
|
||||
|
||||
## 10. 后续改进
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] 实现所有组件的基础单元测试
|
||||
- [ ] 添加资源泄漏检测工具
|
||||
- [ ] 完善渲染结果测试图案
|
||||
- [ ] 添加性能基准测试
|
||||
- [ ] 配置 CI 自动测试
|
||||
- [ ] 支持 Vulkan 后端测试（复用测试夹具抽象）
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user