feat(RHI): 实现 RHIPipelineState 抽象基类

docs/RHI抽象层设计与实现.md

@@ -896,6 +896,60 @@ public:
    - 解决：统一 Present(syncInterval, flags)
 
 
+### 5.14 管线状态（RHIPipelineState）抽象设计
+
+#### 5.14.1 设计理念对应
+
+| 差异点 | 设计理念 | 处理方案 |
+|--------|---------|---------|
+| 初始化差异 | 求同存异 | 后端各自处理 |
+| 状态管理差异 | 特性降级 | D3D12 实现状态块，OpenGL 分离状态 |
+| 绑定方式差异 | 求同存异 | 统一 Bind 接口 |
+
+#### 5.14.2 现有实现对比
+
+| 功能 | D3D12PipelineState | OpenGLPipelineState | 处理方案 |
+|------|-------------------|-------------------|----------|
+| 初始化 | device + desc | 构造函数 | 后端各自处理 |
+| 状态设置 | 单一 PSO 对象 | 分离状态对象 | 后端各自处理 |
+| 绑定 | CommandList->SetPipelineState | AttachShader/Apply | 统一 Bind |
+| 句柄 | ID3D12PipelineState* | GLuint (program) | 统一 void* |
+
+#### 5.14.3 抽象接口定义
+
+```cpp
+class RHIPipelineState {
+public:
+    virtual ~RHIPipelineState() = default;
+
+    virtual void Shutdown() = 0;
+
+    virtual void Bind() = 0;
+    virtual void Unbind() = 0;
+
+    virtual void* GetNativeHandle() = 0;
+    virtual PipelineType GetType() const = 0;
+};
+```
+
+#### 5.14.4 差异处理策略
+
+1. **初始化差异（求同存异）**
+   - D3D12：device + D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC
+   - OpenGL：通过 SetDepthStencilState/BlendState/RasterizerState
+   - 解决：Device 的 CreatePipelineState() 统一接收 PipelineStateDesc
+
+2. **状态管理差异（特性降级）**
+   - D3D12：单一 PSO 对象包含所有状态
+   - OpenGL：分离的状态对象
+   - 解决：后端各自实现，基类提供统一 Bind/Unbind
+
+3. **绑定方式差异（求同存异）**
+   - D3D12：通过 CommandList->SetPipelineState
+   - OpenGL：AttachShader + Apply
+   - 解决：统一 Bind/Unbind 接口
+
+
 ## 6. 后端实现示例
 ### 6.1 D3D12 设备实现（D3D12Device.h）
 ```cpp

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12PipelineState.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <dxgi1_4.h>
 #include <wrl/client.h>
 
+#include "../RHIPipelineState.h"
 #include "../RHIEnums.h"
 #include "D3D12Enum.h"
 
@@ -12,18 +13,21 @@ using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
 namespace XCEngine {
 namespace RHI {
 
-class D3D12PipelineState {
+class D3D12PipelineState : public RHIPipelineState {
 public:
     D3D12PipelineState();
-    ~D3D12PipelineState();
+    ~D3D12PipelineState() override;
 
     bool Initialize(ID3D12Device* device, const D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC& desc);
-    void Shutdown();
+    void Shutdown() override;
 
     ID3D12PipelineState* GetPipelineState() const { return m_pipelineState.Get(); }
 
-    void* GetNativeHandle() const { return m_pipelineState.Get(); }
-    PipelineType GetType() const { return PipelineType::Graphics; }
+    void* GetNativeHandle() override { return m_pipelineState.Get(); }
+    PipelineType GetType() const override { return PipelineType::Graphics; }
+
+    void Bind() override;
+    void Unbind() override;
 
     static D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC CreateDesc(
         ID3D12RootSignature* rootSignature,

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/OpenGL/OpenGLPipelineState.h

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "../RHIPipelineState.h"
+
 namespace XCEngine {
 namespace RHI {
 
@@ -136,10 +138,18 @@ struct LogicalOperation {
     uint32_t operation = 0;
 };
 
-class OpenGLPipelineState {
+class OpenGLPipelineState : public RHIPipelineState {
 public:
     OpenGLPipelineState();
-    ~OpenGLPipelineState();
+    ~OpenGLPipelineState() override;
+
+    void Shutdown() override;
+
+    void Bind() override;
+    void Unbind() override;
+
+    void* GetNativeHandle() override;
+    PipelineType GetType() const override { return PipelineType::Graphics; }
 
     void SetDepthStencilState(const DepthStencilState& state);
     void SetBlendState(const BlendState& state);

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/RHIPipelineState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "RHITypes.h"
+#include "RHIEnums.h"
+
+namespace XCEngine {
+namespace RHI {
+
+class RHIPipelineState {
+public:
+    virtual ~RHIPipelineState() = default;
+
+    virtual void Shutdown() = 0;
+
+    virtual void Bind() = 0;
+    virtual void Unbind() = 0;
+
+    virtual void* GetNativeHandle() = 0;
+    virtual PipelineType GetType() const = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace RHI
+} // namespace XCEngine

engine/src/RHI/D3D12/D3D12PipelineState.cpp

@@ -85,5 +85,11 @@ D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC D3D12PipelineState::CreateInputElement(
     return CreateInputElement(semanticName, semanticIndex, format, inputSlot, D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT);
 }
 
+void D3D12PipelineState::Bind() {
+}
+
+void D3D12PipelineState::Unbind() {
+}
+
 } // namespace RHI
 } // namespace XCEngine

engine/src/RHI/OpenGL/OpenGLPipelineState.cpp

@@ -268,5 +268,25 @@ void OpenGLPipelineState::DetachShader() {
     glUseProgram(0);
 }
 
+void OpenGLPipelineState::Shutdown() {
+    m_program = 0;
+    m_programAttached = false;
+}
+
+void OpenGLPipelineState::Bind() {
+    if (m_programAttached) {
+        glUseProgram(m_program);
+    }
+    Apply();
+}
+
+void OpenGLPipelineState::Unbind() {
+    glUseProgram(0);
+}
+
+void* OpenGLPipelineState::GetNativeHandle() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(m_program));
+}
+
 } // namespace RHI
 } // namespace XCEngine