Add backpack RHI integration test

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Enums.h

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ inline DXGI_FORMAT ToD3D12(Format format) {
         case Format::R8_UNorm: return DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
         case Format::R8G8_UNorm: return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM;
         case Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm: return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+        case Format::R16_UInt: return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT;
         case Format::R16G16B16A16_Float: return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
         case Format::R32G32B32A32_Float: return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
         case Format::R16_Float: return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT;
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ inline Format FromD3D12(DXGI_FORMAT format) {
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM: return Format::R8_UNorm;
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM: return Format::R8G8_UNorm;
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM: return Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm;
+        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT: return Format::R16_UInt;
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT: return Format::R16G16B16A16_Float;
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT: return Format::R32G32B32A32_Float;
         case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT: return Format::R16_Float;

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/OpenGL/OpenGLCommandList.h

@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ private:
     unsigned int m_currentVAO;
     unsigned int m_currentProgram;
     unsigned int m_internalVAO;
+    unsigned int m_currentIndexType;
+    uint64_t m_currentIndexOffset;
     OpenGLPipelineState* m_currentPipelineState;
     std::vector<unsigned int> m_enabledVertexAttributes;
     OpenGLShader* m_currentShader;

engine/include/XCEngine/RHI/RHIEnums.h

@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ enum class Format : uint32_t {
     R8_UNorm,
     R8G8_UNorm,
     R8G8B8A8_UNorm,
+    R16_UInt,
     R16G16B16A16_Float,
     R32G32B32A32_Float,
     R16_Float,

engine/src/RHI/OpenGL/OpenGLCommandList.cpp

@@ -58,11 +58,35 @@ bool GetOpenGLVertexAttribFormat(Format format, OpenGLVertexAttribFormat& attrib
         case Format::R32G32B32A32_UInt:
             attributeFormat = { 4, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, GL_FALSE, true };
             return true;
+        case Format::R16_UInt:
+            attributeFormat = { 1, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, GL_FALSE, true };
+            return true;
         default:
             return false;
     }
 }
 
+GLenum ResolveOpenGLIndexType(Format format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case Format::R16_UInt:
+            return GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT;
+        case Format::R32_UInt:
+        case Format::Unknown:
+        default:
+            return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t GetIndexTypeSize(GLenum indexType) {
+    switch (indexType) {
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
+            return sizeof(GLushort);
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
+        default:
+            return sizeof(GLuint);
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 OpenGLCommandList::OpenGLCommandList()
@@ -70,6 +94,8 @@ OpenGLCommandList::OpenGLCommandList()
     , m_currentVAO(0)
     , m_currentProgram(0)
     , m_internalVAO(0)
+    , m_currentIndexType(GL_UNSIGNED_INT)
+    , m_currentIndexOffset(0)
     , m_currentPipelineState(nullptr)
     , m_currentShader(nullptr)
     , m_composedFramebuffer(nullptr) {
@@ -120,12 +146,13 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::SetVertexBuffers(unsigned int startSlot, unsigned int co
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::SetIndexBuffer(unsigned int buffer, unsigned int type) {
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
+    SetIndexBuffer(buffer, type, 0);
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::SetIndexBuffer(unsigned int buffer, unsigned int type, size_t offset) {
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
-    (void)offset;
+    m_currentIndexType = type;
+    m_currentIndexOffset = static_cast<uint64_t>(offset);
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::BindVertexArray(unsigned int vao) {
@@ -137,7 +164,8 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::BindVertexArray(unsigned int vao, unsigned int indexBuff
     m_currentVAO = vao;
     glBindVertexArray(vao);
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);
-    (void)indexType;
+    m_currentIndexType = indexType;
+    m_currentIndexOffset = 0;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::UseShader(unsigned int program) {
@@ -261,13 +289,22 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::DrawInstanced(PrimitiveType type, unsigned int vertexCou
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::DrawIndexed(PrimitiveType type, unsigned int indexCount, unsigned int startIndex, int baseVertex) {
     m_primitiveType = ToOpenGL(type);
-    glDrawElements(m_primitiveType, indexCount, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (void*)(startIndex * sizeof(unsigned int)));
+    const uint64_t indexOffset = m_currentIndexOffset + static_cast<uint64_t>(startIndex) * GetIndexTypeSize(m_currentIndexType);
+    glDrawElements(m_primitiveType,
+                   indexCount,
+                   m_currentIndexType,
+                   reinterpret_cast<const void*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(indexOffset)));
     (void)baseVertex;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::DrawIndexedInstanced(PrimitiveType type, unsigned int indexCount, unsigned int instanceCount, unsigned int startIndex, int baseVertex, unsigned int startInstance) {
     m_primitiveType = ToOpenGL(type);
-    glDrawElementsInstanced(m_primitiveType, indexCount, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (void*)(startIndex * sizeof(unsigned int)), instanceCount);
+    const uint64_t indexOffset = m_currentIndexOffset + static_cast<uint64_t>(startIndex) * GetIndexTypeSize(m_currentIndexType);
+    glDrawElementsInstanced(m_primitiveType,
+                            indexCount,
+                            m_currentIndexType,
+                            reinterpret_cast<const void*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(indexOffset)),
+                            instanceCount);
     (void)baseVertex;
     (void)startInstance;
 }
@@ -284,7 +321,7 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::DrawIndirect(PrimitiveType type, unsigned int buffer, si
 void OpenGLCommandList::DrawIndexedIndirect(PrimitiveType type, unsigned int buffer, size_t offset, unsigned int drawCount, unsigned int stride) {
     m_primitiveType = ToOpenGL(type);
     glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, buffer);
-    glDrawElementsIndirect(m_primitiveType, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (void*)offset);
+    glDrawElementsIndirect(m_primitiveType, m_currentIndexType, (void*)offset);
     glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0);
     (void)drawCount;
     (void)stride;
@@ -477,6 +514,8 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::Shutdown() {
 void OpenGLCommandList::Reset() {
     ReleaseComposedFramebuffer();
     m_currentPipelineState = nullptr;
+    m_currentIndexOffset = 0;
+    m_currentIndexType = GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::Close() {
@@ -827,7 +866,8 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::SetIndexBuffer(RHIResourceView* buffer, uint64_t offset)
 
     GLuint glBuffer = view->GetBuffer();
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, glBuffer);
-    (void)offset;
+    m_currentIndexType = ResolveOpenGLIndexType(view->GetFormat());
+    m_currentIndexOffset = view->GetBufferOffset() + offset;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::CopyResource(RHIResourceView* dst, RHIResourceView* src) {
@@ -853,12 +893,22 @@ void OpenGLCommandList::CopyResource(RHIResourceView* dst, RHIResourceView* src)
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::Draw(uint32_t vertexCount, uint32_t instanceCount, uint32_t startVertex, uint32_t startInstance) {
-    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, static_cast<GLint>(startVertex), static_cast<GLsizei>(vertexCount), static_cast<GLsizei>(instanceCount));
+    glDrawArraysInstanced(m_primitiveType,
+                          static_cast<GLint>(startVertex),
+                          static_cast<GLsizei>(vertexCount),
+                          static_cast<GLsizei>(instanceCount));
+    (void)startInstance;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::DrawIndexed(uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount, uint32_t startIndex, int32_t baseVertex, uint32_t startInstance) {
-    glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, static_cast<GLsizei>(indexCount), GL_UNSIGNED_INT,
-                           reinterpret_cast<const void*>(startIndex * sizeof(GLuint)), static_cast<GLsizei>(instanceCount));
+    const uint64_t indexOffset = m_currentIndexOffset + static_cast<uint64_t>(startIndex) * GetIndexTypeSize(m_currentIndexType);
+    glDrawElementsInstanced(m_primitiveType,
+                            static_cast<GLsizei>(indexCount),
+                            m_currentIndexType,
+                            reinterpret_cast<const void*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(indexOffset)),
+                            static_cast<GLsizei>(instanceCount));
+    (void)baseVertex;
+    (void)startInstance;
 }
 
 void OpenGLCommandList::SetPrimitiveTopology(PrimitiveTopology topology) {

tests/RHI/integration/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ add_subdirectory(minimal)
 add_subdirectory(triangle)
 add_subdirectory(quad)
 add_subdirectory(sphere)
+add_subdirectory(backpack)

tests/RHI/integration/backpack/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
+
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+project(rhi_integration_backpack)
+
+set(ENGINE_ROOT_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/engine)
+set(PACKAGE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/opengl/package)
+
+get_filename_component(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../.. ABSOLUTE)
+
+add_executable(rhi_integration_backpack
+    main.cpp
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../fixtures/RHIIntegrationFixture.cpp
+    ${PACKAGE_DIR}/src/glad.c
+)
+
+target_include_directories(rhi_integration_backpack PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../fixtures
+    ${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/include
+    ${PACKAGE_DIR}/include
+    ${PROJECT_ROOT_DIR}/engine/src
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(rhi_integration_backpack PRIVATE
+    d3d12
+    dxgi
+    d3dcompiler
+    winmm
+    opengl32
+    XCEngine
+    GTest::gtest
+)
+
+target_compile_definitions(rhi_integration_backpack PRIVATE
+    UNICODE
+    _UNICODE
+    XCENGINE_SUPPORT_OPENGL
+    XCENGINE_SUPPORT_D3D12
+)
+
+add_custom_command(TARGET rhi_integration_backpack POST_BUILD
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Res
+        $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:rhi_integration_backpack>/Res
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/RHI/integration/compare_ppm.py
+        $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:rhi_integration_backpack>/
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/GT.ppm
+        $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:rhi_integration_backpack>/GT.ppm
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+        ${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/third_party/renderdoc/renderdoc.dll
+        $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:rhi_integration_backpack>/
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+        ${ENGINE_ROOT_DIR}/third_party/assimp/bin/assimp-vc143-mt.dll
+        $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:rhi_integration_backpack>/
+)
+
+include(GoogleTest)
+gtest_discover_tests(rhi_integration_backpack)

tests/RHI/integration/backpack/Res/models/backpack/backpack.mtl

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Blender MTL File: 'None'
+# Material Count: 1
+
+newmtl Scene_-_Root
+Ns 225.000000
+Ka 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+Kd 0.800000 0.800000 0.800000
+Ks 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000
+Ke 0.0 0.0 0.0
+Ni 1.450000
+d 1.000000
+illum 2
+map_Kd diffuse.jpg
+map_Bump normal.png
+map_Ks specular.jpg
+

tests/RHI/integration/backpack/Res/models/backpack/source_attribution.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Model by Berk Gedik, from: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/survival-guitar-backpack-low-poly-799f8c4511f84fab8c3f12887f7e6b36
+
+Modified material assignment (Joey de Vries) for easier load in OpenGL model loading chapter, and renamed albedo to diffuse and metallic to specular to match non-PBR lighting setup.

tests/RHI/integration/backpack/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,983 @@
+#define NOMINMAX
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "../fixtures/RHIIntegrationFixture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Core/Containers/String.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Core/Math/Matrix4.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Core/Math/Vector3.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Core/Math/Vector4.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Debug/ConsoleLogSink.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Debug/Logger.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Resources/Material/Material.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Resources/Mesh/Mesh.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Resources/Mesh/MeshImportSettings.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Resources/Mesh/MeshLoader.h"
+#include "XCEngine/Resources/Texture/Texture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIBuffer.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHICommandList.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHICommandQueue.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIDescriptorPool.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIDescriptorSet.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIPipelineLayout.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIPipelineState.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIResourceView.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHISampler.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHISwapChain.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHITexture.h"
+
+using namespace XCEngine::Containers;
+using namespace XCEngine::Debug;
+using namespace XCEngine::Math;
+using namespace XCEngine::Resources;
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI;
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI::Integration;
+
+namespace {
+
+struct BackpackVertex {
+    float position[4];
+    float normal[4];
+    float uv[2];
+};
+
+struct SceneConstants {
+    Matrix4x4 projection;
+    Matrix4x4 view;
+    Matrix4x4 model;
+    Vector4 cameraPosition;
+    Vector4 lightDirection;
+    Vector4 lightColor;
+    Vector4 ambientColor;
+};
+
+struct MaterialResources {
+    RHITexture* baseColorTexture = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* baseColorView = nullptr;
+    RHITexture* specularTexture = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* specularView = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorPool* texturePool = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorSet* textureSet = nullptr;
+};
+
+constexpr uint32_t kFrameWidth = 1280;
+constexpr uint32_t kFrameHeight = 720;
+constexpr uint32_t kTextureBindingCount = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t kSamplerBindingCount = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t kDescriptorSetCount = 3;
+constexpr float kPi = 3.14159265358979323846f;
+
+std::filesystem::path GetExecutableDirectory() {
+    char exePath[MAX_PATH] = {};
+    const DWORD length = GetModuleFileNameA(nullptr, exePath, MAX_PATH);
+    if (length == 0 || length >= MAX_PATH) {
+        return std::filesystem::current_path();
+    }
+
+    return std::filesystem::path(exePath).parent_path();
+}
+
+std::filesystem::path ResolveRuntimePath(const char* relativePath) {
+    return GetExecutableDirectory() / relativePath;
+}
+
+const char* GetScreenshotFilename(RHIType type) {
+    return type == RHIType::D3D12 ? "backpack_d3d12.ppm" : "backpack_opengl.ppm";
+}
+
+int GetComparisonThreshold(RHIType type) {
+    return type == RHIType::OpenGL ? 8 : 8;
+}
+
+Format ToRHITextureFormat(TextureFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case TextureFormat::RGBA8_UNORM:
+            return Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm;
+        default:
+            return Format::Unknown;
+    }
+}
+
+RHITexture* CreateSolidColorTexture(RHIDevice* device, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a) {
+    const uint8_t pixels[] = { r, g, b, a };
+
+    TextureDesc textureDesc = {};
+    textureDesc.width = 1;
+    textureDesc.height = 1;
+    textureDesc.depth = 1;
+    textureDesc.mipLevels = 1;
+    textureDesc.arraySize = 1;
+    textureDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
+    textureDesc.textureType = static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::TextureType::Texture2D);
+    textureDesc.sampleCount = 1;
+    textureDesc.sampleQuality = 0;
+    textureDesc.flags = 0;
+
+    return device->CreateTexture(textureDesc, pixels, sizeof(pixels), 4);
+}
+
+bool CreateTextureViewFromResourceTexture(RHIDevice* device,
+                                          Texture* resourceTexture,
+                                          RHITexture*& outTexture,
+                                          RHIResourceView*& outView) {
+    outTexture = nullptr;
+    outView = nullptr;
+
+    if (device == nullptr || resourceTexture == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const Format rhiFormat = ToRHITextureFormat(resourceTexture->GetFormat());
+    if (rhiFormat == Format::Unknown || resourceTexture->GetPixelData() == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    TextureDesc textureDesc = {};
+    textureDesc.width = resourceTexture->GetWidth();
+    textureDesc.height = resourceTexture->GetHeight();
+    textureDesc.depth = resourceTexture->GetDepth();
+    textureDesc.mipLevels = resourceTexture->GetMipLevels();
+    textureDesc.arraySize = resourceTexture->GetArraySize();
+    textureDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(rhiFormat);
+    textureDesc.textureType = static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::TextureType::Texture2D);
+    textureDesc.sampleCount = 1;
+    textureDesc.sampleQuality = 0;
+    textureDesc.flags = 0;
+
+    outTexture = device->CreateTexture(
+        textureDesc,
+        resourceTexture->GetPixelData(),
+        resourceTexture->GetPixelDataSize(),
+        resourceTexture->GetWidth() * 4u);
+    if (outTexture == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ResourceViewDesc textureViewDesc = {};
+    textureViewDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(rhiFormat);
+    textureViewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D;
+    textureViewDesc.mipLevel = 0;
+    outView = device->CreateShaderResourceView(outTexture, textureViewDesc);
+
+    if (outView == nullptr) {
+        outTexture->Shutdown();
+        delete outTexture;
+        outTexture = nullptr;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+SceneConstants CreateSceneConstants(const Mesh& mesh) {
+    const Vector3 min = mesh.GetBounds().GetMin();
+    const Vector3 max = mesh.GetBounds().GetMax();
+    const Vector3 center(
+        (min.x + max.x) * 0.5f,
+        (min.y + max.y) * 0.5f,
+        (min.z + max.z) * 0.5f);
+    const float sizeX = std::max(max.x - min.x, 0.001f);
+    const float sizeY = std::max(max.y - min.y, 0.001f);
+    const float sizeZ = std::max(max.z - min.z, 0.001f);
+    const float maxExtent = std::max(sizeX, std::max(sizeY, sizeZ));
+    const float uniformScale = 1.8f / maxExtent;
+
+    const Matrix4x4 centerTranslation =
+        Matrix4x4::Translation(Vector3(-center.x, -center.y, -center.z));
+    const Matrix4x4 rotation =
+        Matrix4x4::RotationY(-0.35f) * Matrix4x4::RotationX(-0.18f);
+    const Matrix4x4 scale =
+        Matrix4x4::Scale(Vector3(uniformScale, uniformScale, uniformScale));
+    const Matrix4x4 world =
+        Matrix4x4::Translation(Vector3(0.0f, -0.25f, 3.0f)) *
+        rotation *
+        scale *
+        centerTranslation;
+
+    SceneConstants constants = {};
+    constants.projection =
+        Matrix4x4::Perspective(45.0f * kPi / 180.0f,
+                               static_cast<float>(kFrameWidth) / static_cast<float>(kFrameHeight),
+                               0.1f,
+                               100.0f)
+            .Transpose();
+    constants.view = Matrix4x4::Identity().Transpose();
+    constants.model = world.Transpose();
+    constants.cameraPosition = Vector4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    constants.lightDirection = Vector4(-0.30f, 0.85f, -0.40f, 0.0f);
+    constants.lightColor = Vector4(0.95f, 0.95f, 0.95f, 1.0f);
+    constants.ambientColor = Vector4(0.22f, 0.22f, 0.22f, 1.0f);
+    return constants;
+}
+
+GraphicsPipelineDesc CreateBackpackPipelineDesc(RHIType type, RHIPipelineLayout* pipelineLayout) {
+    GraphicsPipelineDesc desc = {};
+    desc.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
+    desc.topologyType = static_cast<uint32_t>(PrimitiveTopologyType::Triangle);
+    desc.renderTargetFormats[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
+    desc.depthStencilFormat = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::D24_UNorm_S8_UInt);
+    desc.sampleCount = 1;
+
+    desc.rasterizerState.fillMode = static_cast<uint32_t>(FillMode::Solid);
+    desc.rasterizerState.cullMode = static_cast<uint32_t>(CullMode::None);
+    desc.rasterizerState.frontFace = static_cast<uint32_t>(FrontFace::CounterClockwise);
+    desc.rasterizerState.depthClipEnable = true;
+
+    desc.depthStencilState.depthTestEnable = true;
+    desc.depthStencilState.depthWriteEnable = true;
+    desc.depthStencilState.depthFunc = static_cast<uint32_t>(ComparisonFunc::Less);
+    desc.depthStencilState.stencilEnable = false;
+
+    InputElementDesc position = {};
+    position.semanticName = "POSITION";
+    position.semanticIndex = 0;
+    position.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32A32_Float);
+    position.inputSlot = 0;
+    position.alignedByteOffset = 0;
+    desc.inputLayout.elements.push_back(position);
+
+    InputElementDesc normal = {};
+    normal.semanticName = "NORMAL";
+    normal.semanticIndex = 0;
+    normal.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32A32_Float);
+    normal.inputSlot = 0;
+    normal.alignedByteOffset = sizeof(float) * 4;
+    desc.inputLayout.elements.push_back(normal);
+
+    InputElementDesc texcoord = {};
+    texcoord.semanticName = "TEXCOORD";
+    texcoord.semanticIndex = 0;
+    texcoord.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32_Float);
+    texcoord.inputSlot = 0;
+    texcoord.alignedByteOffset = sizeof(float) * 8;
+    desc.inputLayout.elements.push_back(texcoord);
+
+    const char kBackpackHlsl[] = R"(
+Texture2D gBaseColorTexture : register(t0);
+Texture2D gSpecularTexture : register(t1);
+SamplerState gBaseColorSampler : register(s0);
+SamplerState gSpecularSampler : register(s1);
+
+cbuffer SceneData : register(b0) {
+    float4x4 gProjectionMatrix;
+    float4x4 gViewMatrix;
+    float4x4 gModelMatrix;
+    float4 gCameraPosition;
+    float4 gLightDirection;
+    float4 gLightColor;
+    float4 gAmbientColor;
+};
+
+struct VSInput {
+    float4 position : POSITION;
+    float4 normal : NORMAL;
+    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+struct PSInput {
+    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
+    float3 worldPosition : TEXCOORD0;
+    float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD1;
+    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD2;
+};
+
+PSInput MainVS(VSInput input) {
+    PSInput output;
+    float4 worldPosition = mul(gModelMatrix, input.position);
+    float4 viewPosition = mul(gViewMatrix, worldPosition);
+    output.position = mul(gProjectionMatrix, viewPosition);
+    output.worldPosition = worldPosition.xyz;
+    output.worldNormal = mul((float3x3)gModelMatrix, input.normal.xyz);
+    output.texcoord = input.texcoord;
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 MainPS(PSInput input, bool isFrontFace : SV_IsFrontFace) : SV_TARGET {
+    float3 normal = normalize(isFrontFace ? input.worldNormal : -input.worldNormal);
+    float3 lightDir = normalize(gLightDirection.xyz);
+    float3 viewDir = normalize(gCameraPosition.xyz - input.worldPosition);
+    float3 halfDir = normalize(lightDir + viewDir);
+
+    float3 baseColor = gBaseColorTexture.Sample(gBaseColorSampler, input.texcoord).rgb;
+    float specularMask = gSpecularTexture.Sample(gSpecularSampler, input.texcoord).r;
+    float diffuse = saturate(dot(normal, lightDir));
+    float specular = pow(saturate(dot(normal, halfDir)), 32.0f) * specularMask;
+
+    float3 color = baseColor * (gAmbientColor.rgb + gLightColor.rgb * diffuse);
+    color += gLightColor.rgb * (specular * 0.35f);
+    return float4(saturate(color), 1.0f);
+}
+)";
+
+    const char kBackpackVertexShader[] = R"(#version 430
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 aPosition;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 aNormal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoord;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform SceneData {
+    mat4 gProjectionMatrix;
+    mat4 gViewMatrix;
+    mat4 gModelMatrix;
+    vec4 gCameraPosition;
+    vec4 gLightDirection;
+    vec4 gLightColor;
+    vec4 gAmbientColor;
+};
+
+out vec3 vWorldPosition;
+out vec3 vWorldNormal;
+out vec2 vTexCoord;
+
+void main() {
+    vec4 worldPosition = gModelMatrix * aPosition;
+    vec4 viewPosition = gViewMatrix * worldPosition;
+    gl_Position = gProjectionMatrix * viewPosition;
+    vWorldPosition = worldPosition.xyz;
+    vWorldNormal = mat3(gModelMatrix) * aNormal.xyz;
+    vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
+}
+)";
+
+    const char kBackpackFragmentShader[] = R"(#version 430
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform SceneData {
+    mat4 gProjectionMatrix;
+    mat4 gViewMatrix;
+    mat4 gModelMatrix;
+    vec4 gCameraPosition;
+    vec4 gLightDirection;
+    vec4 gLightColor;
+    vec4 gAmbientColor;
+};
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D uBaseColorTexture;
+layout(binding = 1) uniform sampler2D uSpecularTexture;
+
+in vec3 vWorldPosition;
+in vec3 vWorldNormal;
+in vec2 vTexCoord;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    vec3 normal = normalize(gl_FrontFacing ? vWorldNormal : -vWorldNormal);
+    vec3 lightDir = normalize(gLightDirection.xyz);
+    vec3 viewDir = normalize(gCameraPosition.xyz - vWorldPosition);
+    vec3 halfDir = normalize(lightDir + viewDir);
+
+    vec3 baseColor = texture(uBaseColorTexture, vTexCoord).rgb;
+    float specularMask = texture(uSpecularTexture, vTexCoord).r;
+    float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
+    float specular = pow(max(dot(normal, halfDir), 0.0), 32.0) * specularMask;
+
+    vec3 color = baseColor * (gAmbientColor.rgb + gLightColor.rgb * diffuse);
+    color += gLightColor.rgb * (specular * 0.35);
+    fragColor = vec4(clamp(color, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0);
+}
+)";
+
+    if (type == RHIType::D3D12) {
+        desc.vertexShader.source.assign(kBackpackHlsl, kBackpackHlsl + strlen(kBackpackHlsl));
+        desc.vertexShader.sourceLanguage = XCEngine::RHI::ShaderLanguage::HLSL;
+        desc.vertexShader.entryPoint = L"MainVS";
+        desc.vertexShader.profile = L"vs_5_0";
+
+        desc.fragmentShader.source.assign(kBackpackHlsl, kBackpackHlsl + strlen(kBackpackHlsl));
+        desc.fragmentShader.sourceLanguage = XCEngine::RHI::ShaderLanguage::HLSL;
+        desc.fragmentShader.entryPoint = L"MainPS";
+        desc.fragmentShader.profile = L"ps_5_0";
+    } else {
+        desc.vertexShader.source.assign(kBackpackVertexShader,
+                                        kBackpackVertexShader + strlen(kBackpackVertexShader));
+        desc.vertexShader.sourceLanguage = XCEngine::RHI::ShaderLanguage::GLSL;
+        desc.vertexShader.profile = L"vs_4_30";
+
+        desc.fragmentShader.source.assign(kBackpackFragmentShader,
+                                          kBackpackFragmentShader + strlen(kBackpackFragmentShader));
+        desc.fragmentShader.sourceLanguage = XCEngine::RHI::ShaderLanguage::GLSL;
+        desc.fragmentShader.profile = L"fs_4_30";
+    }
+
+    return desc;
+}
+
+class BackpackTest : public RHIIntegrationFixture {
+protected:
+    void SetUp() override;
+    void TearDown() override;
+    void RenderFrame() override;
+
+private:
+    Texture* GetMaterialTexture(Material* material, const char* propertyName) const;
+    void InitializeBackpackResources();
+    void ShutdownBackpackResources();
+    void LoadBackpackMesh();
+    void InitializeGeometryResources();
+    void InitializeFallbackTextures();
+    void InitializeMaterialResources();
+
+    Mesh* mMesh = nullptr;
+    std::vector<BackpackVertex> mVertices;
+    RHIBuffer* mVertexBuffer = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* mVertexBufferView = nullptr;
+    RHIBuffer* mIndexBuffer = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* mIndexBufferView = nullptr;
+    RHITexture* mFallbackBaseColorTexture = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* mFallbackBaseColorView = nullptr;
+    RHITexture* mFallbackSpecularTexture = nullptr;
+    RHIResourceView* mFallbackSpecularView = nullptr;
+    RHISampler* mSampler = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorPool* mConstantPool = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorSet* mConstantSet = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorPool* mSamplerPool = nullptr;
+    RHIDescriptorSet* mSamplerSet = nullptr;
+    std::vector<MaterialResources> mMaterialResources;
+    RHIPipelineLayout* mPipelineLayout = nullptr;
+    RHIPipelineState* mPipelineState = nullptr;
+};
+
+void BackpackTest::SetUp() {
+    RHIIntegrationFixture::SetUp();
+    InitializeBackpackResources();
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::TearDown() {
+    ShutdownBackpackResources();
+    RHIIntegrationFixture::TearDown();
+}
+
+Texture* BackpackTest::GetMaterialTexture(Material* material, const char* propertyName) const {
+    if (material == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const ResourceHandle<Texture> textureHandle = material->GetTexture(String(propertyName));
+    return textureHandle.IsValid() ? textureHandle.Get() : nullptr;
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::LoadBackpackMesh() {
+    const std::filesystem::path meshPath = ResolveRuntimePath("Res/models/backpack/backpack.obj");
+    const std::string meshPathString = meshPath.string();
+
+    MeshLoader loader;
+    MeshImportSettings settings;
+    settings.AddImportFlag(MeshImportFlags::FlipUVs);
+
+    LoadResult result = loader.Load(meshPathString.c_str(), &settings);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);
+
+    mMesh = static_cast<Mesh*>(result.resource);
+    ASSERT_NE(mMesh, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_GT(mMesh->GetVertexCount(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_GT(mMesh->GetIndexCount(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_GT(mMesh->GetSections().Size(), 0u);
+
+    Log("[TEST] Backpack mesh loaded: vertices=%u indices=%u sections=%u materials=%u textures=%u use32Bit=%d",
+        mMesh->GetVertexCount(),
+        mMesh->GetIndexCount(),
+        static_cast<uint32_t>(mMesh->GetSections().Size()),
+        static_cast<uint32_t>(mMesh->GetMaterials().Size()),
+        static_cast<uint32_t>(mMesh->GetTextures().Size()),
+        mMesh->IsUse32BitIndex() ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::InitializeGeometryResources() {
+    ASSERT_NE(mMesh, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mMesh->GetVertexStride(), sizeof(StaticMeshVertex));
+
+    const auto* sourceVertices = static_cast<const StaticMeshVertex*>(mMesh->GetVertexData());
+    ASSERT_NE(sourceVertices, nullptr);
+
+    mVertices.resize(mMesh->GetVertexCount());
+    for (uint32_t vertexIndex = 0; vertexIndex < mMesh->GetVertexCount(); ++vertexIndex) {
+        const StaticMeshVertex& source = sourceVertices[vertexIndex];
+        BackpackVertex& destination = mVertices[vertexIndex];
+
+        destination.position[0] = source.position.x;
+        destination.position[1] = source.position.y;
+        destination.position[2] = source.position.z;
+        destination.position[3] = 1.0f;
+
+        destination.normal[0] = source.normal.x;
+        destination.normal[1] = source.normal.y;
+        destination.normal[2] = source.normal.z;
+        destination.normal[3] = 0.0f;
+
+        destination.uv[0] = source.uv0.x;
+        destination.uv[1] = source.uv0.y;
+    }
+
+    BufferDesc vertexBufferDesc = {};
+    vertexBufferDesc.size = static_cast<uint64_t>(mVertices.size() * sizeof(BackpackVertex));
+    vertexBufferDesc.stride = sizeof(BackpackVertex);
+    vertexBufferDesc.bufferType = static_cast<uint32_t>(BufferType::Vertex);
+
+    mVertexBuffer = GetDevice()->CreateBuffer(vertexBufferDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mVertexBuffer, nullptr);
+    mVertexBuffer->SetData(mVertices.data(), mVertices.size() * sizeof(BackpackVertex));
+    mVertexBuffer->SetStride(sizeof(BackpackVertex));
+    mVertexBuffer->SetBufferType(BufferType::Vertex);
+
+    ResourceViewDesc vertexViewDesc = {};
+    vertexViewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Buffer;
+    vertexViewDesc.structureByteStride = sizeof(BackpackVertex);
+    mVertexBufferView = GetDevice()->CreateVertexBufferView(mVertexBuffer, vertexViewDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mVertexBufferView, nullptr);
+
+    BufferDesc indexBufferDesc = {};
+    indexBufferDesc.size = static_cast<uint64_t>(mMesh->GetIndexDataSize());
+    indexBufferDesc.stride = mMesh->IsUse32BitIndex() ? sizeof(uint32_t) : sizeof(uint16_t);
+    indexBufferDesc.bufferType = static_cast<uint32_t>(BufferType::Index);
+
+    mIndexBuffer = GetDevice()->CreateBuffer(indexBufferDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mIndexBuffer, nullptr);
+    mIndexBuffer->SetData(mMesh->GetIndexData(), mMesh->GetIndexDataSize());
+    mIndexBuffer->SetStride(indexBufferDesc.stride);
+    mIndexBuffer->SetBufferType(BufferType::Index);
+
+    ResourceViewDesc indexViewDesc = {};
+    indexViewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Buffer;
+    indexViewDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(mMesh->IsUse32BitIndex() ? Format::R32_UInt : Format::R16_UInt);
+    mIndexBufferView = GetDevice()->CreateIndexBufferView(mIndexBuffer, indexViewDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mIndexBufferView, nullptr);
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::InitializeFallbackTextures() {
+    mFallbackBaseColorTexture = CreateSolidColorTexture(GetDevice(), 255, 255, 255, 255);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackBaseColorTexture, nullptr);
+
+    ResourceViewDesc baseColorViewDesc = {};
+    baseColorViewDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
+    baseColorViewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D;
+    baseColorViewDesc.mipLevel = 0;
+    mFallbackBaseColorView = GetDevice()->CreateShaderResourceView(mFallbackBaseColorTexture, baseColorViewDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackBaseColorView, nullptr);
+
+    mFallbackSpecularTexture = CreateSolidColorTexture(GetDevice(), 0, 0, 0, 255);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackSpecularTexture, nullptr);
+
+    ResourceViewDesc specularViewDesc = {};
+    specularViewDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
+    specularViewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D;
+    specularViewDesc.mipLevel = 0;
+    mFallbackSpecularView = GetDevice()->CreateShaderResourceView(mFallbackSpecularTexture, specularViewDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackSpecularView, nullptr);
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::InitializeMaterialResources() {
+    ASSERT_NE(mMesh, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackBaseColorView, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mFallbackSpecularView, nullptr);
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutBinding textureBindings[kTextureBindingCount] = {};
+    textureBindings[0].binding = 0;
+    textureBindings[0].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::SRV);
+    textureBindings[0].count = 1;
+    textureBindings[1].binding = 1;
+    textureBindings[1].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::SRV);
+    textureBindings[1].count = 1;
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc textureLayoutDesc = {};
+    textureLayoutDesc.bindings = textureBindings;
+    textureLayoutDesc.bindingCount = kTextureBindingCount;
+
+    const uint32_t materialCount =
+        std::max(1u, static_cast<uint32_t>(mMesh->GetMaterials().Size()));
+    mMaterialResources.resize(materialCount);
+
+    for (uint32_t materialIndex = 0; materialIndex < materialCount; ++materialIndex) {
+        Material* material =
+            materialIndex < mMesh->GetMaterials().Size()
+                ? mMesh->GetMaterials()[materialIndex]
+                : nullptr;
+
+        MaterialResources& resources = mMaterialResources[materialIndex];
+
+        Texture* baseColorTexture = GetMaterialTexture(material, "baseColorTexture");
+        if (baseColorTexture != nullptr) {
+            const bool created =
+                CreateTextureViewFromResourceTexture(
+                    GetDevice(),
+                    baseColorTexture,
+                    resources.baseColorTexture,
+                    resources.baseColorView);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(created);
+        }
+
+        Texture* specularTexture = GetMaterialTexture(material, "specularTexture");
+        if (specularTexture != nullptr) {
+            const bool created =
+                CreateTextureViewFromResourceTexture(
+                    GetDevice(),
+                    specularTexture,
+                    resources.specularTexture,
+                    resources.specularView);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(created);
+        }
+
+        DescriptorPoolDesc texturePoolDesc = {};
+        texturePoolDesc.type = DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV;
+        texturePoolDesc.descriptorCount = kTextureBindingCount;
+        texturePoolDesc.shaderVisible = true;
+        resources.texturePool = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorPool(texturePoolDesc);
+        ASSERT_NE(resources.texturePool, nullptr);
+
+        resources.textureSet = resources.texturePool->AllocateSet(textureLayoutDesc);
+        ASSERT_NE(resources.textureSet, nullptr);
+        resources.textureSet->Update(0, resources.baseColorView != nullptr ? resources.baseColorView : mFallbackBaseColorView);
+        resources.textureSet->Update(1, resources.specularView != nullptr ? resources.specularView : mFallbackSpecularView);
+    }
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::InitializeBackpackResources() {
+    LoadBackpackMesh();
+    InitializeGeometryResources();
+    InitializeFallbackTextures();
+
+    SamplerDesc samplerDesc = {};
+    samplerDesc.filter = static_cast<uint32_t>(FilterMode::Linear);
+    samplerDesc.addressU = static_cast<uint32_t>(TextureAddressMode::Wrap);
+    samplerDesc.addressV = static_cast<uint32_t>(TextureAddressMode::Wrap);
+    samplerDesc.addressW = static_cast<uint32_t>(TextureAddressMode::Wrap);
+    samplerDesc.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.maxAnisotropy = 1;
+    samplerDesc.comparisonFunc = static_cast<uint32_t>(ComparisonFunc::Always);
+    samplerDesc.borderColorR = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.borderColorG = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.borderColorB = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.borderColorA = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.minLod = 0.0f;
+    samplerDesc.maxLod = 1000.0f;
+    mSampler = GetDevice()->CreateSampler(samplerDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mSampler, nullptr);
+
+    DescriptorPoolDesc constantPoolDesc = {};
+    constantPoolDesc.type = DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV;
+    constantPoolDesc.descriptorCount = 1;
+    constantPoolDesc.shaderVisible = false;
+    mConstantPool = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorPool(constantPoolDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mConstantPool, nullptr);
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutBinding constantBinding = {};
+    constantBinding.binding = 0;
+    constantBinding.type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::CBV);
+    constantBinding.count = 1;
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc constantLayoutDesc = {};
+    constantLayoutDesc.bindings = &constantBinding;
+    constantLayoutDesc.bindingCount = 1;
+
+    mConstantSet = mConstantPool->AllocateSet(constantLayoutDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mConstantSet, nullptr);
+    const SceneConstants sceneConstants = CreateSceneConstants(*mMesh);
+    mConstantSet->WriteConstant(0, &sceneConstants, sizeof(sceneConstants));
+
+    DescriptorPoolDesc samplerPoolDesc = {};
+    samplerPoolDesc.type = DescriptorHeapType::Sampler;
+    samplerPoolDesc.descriptorCount = kSamplerBindingCount;
+    samplerPoolDesc.shaderVisible = true;
+    mSamplerPool = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorPool(samplerPoolDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mSamplerPool, nullptr);
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutBinding samplerBindings[kSamplerBindingCount] = {};
+    samplerBindings[0].binding = 0;
+    samplerBindings[0].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::Sampler);
+    samplerBindings[0].count = 1;
+    samplerBindings[1].binding = 1;
+    samplerBindings[1].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::Sampler);
+    samplerBindings[1].count = 1;
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc samplerLayoutDesc = {};
+    samplerLayoutDesc.bindings = samplerBindings;
+    samplerLayoutDesc.bindingCount = kSamplerBindingCount;
+
+    mSamplerSet = mSamplerPool->AllocateSet(samplerLayoutDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mSamplerSet, nullptr);
+    mSamplerSet->UpdateSampler(0, mSampler);
+    mSamplerSet->UpdateSampler(1, mSampler);
+
+    InitializeMaterialResources();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mMaterialResources.empty());
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutBinding textureBindings[kTextureBindingCount] = {};
+    textureBindings[0].binding = 0;
+    textureBindings[0].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::SRV);
+    textureBindings[0].count = 1;
+    textureBindings[1].binding = 1;
+    textureBindings[1].type = static_cast<uint32_t>(DescriptorType::SRV);
+    textureBindings[1].count = 1;
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc textureLayoutDesc = {};
+    textureLayoutDesc.bindings = textureBindings;
+    textureLayoutDesc.bindingCount = kTextureBindingCount;
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc setLayouts[kDescriptorSetCount] = {};
+    setLayouts[0] = constantLayoutDesc;
+    setLayouts[1] = textureLayoutDesc;
+    setLayouts[2] = samplerLayoutDesc;
+
+    RHIPipelineLayoutDesc pipelineLayoutDesc = {};
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.setLayouts = setLayouts;
+    pipelineLayoutDesc.setLayoutCount = kDescriptorSetCount;
+    mPipelineLayout = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineLayout(pipelineLayoutDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mPipelineLayout, nullptr);
+
+    GraphicsPipelineDesc pipelineDesc =
+        CreateBackpackPipelineDesc(GetBackendType(), mPipelineLayout);
+    mPipelineState = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineState(pipelineDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(mPipelineState, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mPipelineState->IsValid());
+
+    Log("[TEST] Backpack resources initialized for backend %d", static_cast<int>(GetBackendType()));
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::ShutdownBackpackResources() {
+    if (mPipelineState != nullptr) {
+        mPipelineState->Shutdown();
+        delete mPipelineState;
+        mPipelineState = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mPipelineLayout != nullptr) {
+        mPipelineLayout->Shutdown();
+        delete mPipelineLayout;
+        mPipelineLayout = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    for (MaterialResources& resources : mMaterialResources) {
+        if (resources.textureSet != nullptr) {
+            resources.textureSet->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.textureSet;
+            resources.textureSet = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (resources.texturePool != nullptr) {
+            resources.texturePool->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.texturePool;
+            resources.texturePool = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (resources.baseColorView != nullptr) {
+            resources.baseColorView->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.baseColorView;
+            resources.baseColorView = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (resources.baseColorTexture != nullptr) {
+            resources.baseColorTexture->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.baseColorTexture;
+            resources.baseColorTexture = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (resources.specularView != nullptr) {
+            resources.specularView->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.specularView;
+            resources.specularView = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (resources.specularTexture != nullptr) {
+            resources.specularTexture->Shutdown();
+            delete resources.specularTexture;
+            resources.specularTexture = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    mMaterialResources.clear();
+
+    if (mSamplerSet != nullptr) {
+        mSamplerSet->Shutdown();
+        delete mSamplerSet;
+        mSamplerSet = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mSamplerPool != nullptr) {
+        mSamplerPool->Shutdown();
+        delete mSamplerPool;
+        mSamplerPool = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mConstantSet != nullptr) {
+        mConstantSet->Shutdown();
+        delete mConstantSet;
+        mConstantSet = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mConstantPool != nullptr) {
+        mConstantPool->Shutdown();
+        delete mConstantPool;
+        mConstantPool = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mSampler != nullptr) {
+        mSampler->Shutdown();
+        delete mSampler;
+        mSampler = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mFallbackBaseColorView != nullptr) {
+        mFallbackBaseColorView->Shutdown();
+        delete mFallbackBaseColorView;
+        mFallbackBaseColorView = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mFallbackBaseColorTexture != nullptr) {
+        mFallbackBaseColorTexture->Shutdown();
+        delete mFallbackBaseColorTexture;
+        mFallbackBaseColorTexture = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mFallbackSpecularView != nullptr) {
+        mFallbackSpecularView->Shutdown();
+        delete mFallbackSpecularView;
+        mFallbackSpecularView = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mFallbackSpecularTexture != nullptr) {
+        mFallbackSpecularTexture->Shutdown();
+        delete mFallbackSpecularTexture;
+        mFallbackSpecularTexture = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mVertexBufferView != nullptr) {
+        mVertexBufferView->Shutdown();
+        delete mVertexBufferView;
+        mVertexBufferView = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mIndexBufferView != nullptr) {
+        mIndexBufferView->Shutdown();
+        delete mIndexBufferView;
+        mIndexBufferView = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mVertexBuffer != nullptr) {
+        mVertexBuffer->Shutdown();
+        delete mVertexBuffer;
+        mVertexBuffer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (mIndexBuffer != nullptr) {
+        mIndexBuffer->Shutdown();
+        delete mIndexBuffer;
+        mIndexBuffer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    mVertices.clear();
+
+    if (mMesh != nullptr) {
+        delete mMesh;
+        mMesh = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void BackpackTest::RenderFrame() {
+    ASSERT_NE(mPipelineState, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mPipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mConstantSet, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mSamplerSet, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mVertexBufferView, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mIndexBufferView, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(mMesh, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mMaterialResources.empty());
+
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetCommandList();
+    RHICommandQueue* cmdQueue = GetCommandQueue();
+    ASSERT_NE(cmdList, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(cmdQueue, nullptr);
+
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    SetRenderTargetForClear(true);
+
+    Viewport viewport = { 0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<float>(kFrameWidth), static_cast<float>(kFrameHeight), 0.0f, 1.0f };
+    Rect scissorRect = { 0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(kFrameWidth), static_cast<int32_t>(kFrameHeight) };
+    cmdList->SetViewport(viewport);
+    cmdList->SetScissorRect(scissorRect);
+    cmdList->Clear(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.08f, 1.0f, 1 | 2);
+
+    cmdList->SetPipelineState(mPipelineState);
+    cmdList->SetPrimitiveTopology(PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList);
+
+    RHIResourceView* vertexBuffers[] = { mVertexBufferView };
+    uint64_t offsets[] = { 0 };
+    uint32_t strides[] = { sizeof(BackpackVertex) };
+    cmdList->SetVertexBuffers(0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets, strides);
+    cmdList->SetIndexBuffer(mIndexBufferView, 0);
+
+    for (size_t sectionIndex = 0; sectionIndex < mMesh->GetSections().Size(); ++sectionIndex) {
+        const MeshSection& section = mMesh->GetSections()[sectionIndex];
+        const uint32_t materialIndex =
+            section.materialID < mMaterialResources.size()
+                ? section.materialID
+                : 0u;
+
+        RHIDescriptorSet* descriptorSets[] = {
+            mConstantSet,
+            mMaterialResources[materialIndex].textureSet,
+            mSamplerSet
+        };
+        cmdList->SetGraphicsDescriptorSets(0, 3, descriptorSets, mPipelineLayout);
+        cmdList->DrawIndexed(section.indexCount, 1, section.startIndex, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    EndRender();
+
+    cmdList->Close();
+    void* cmdLists[] = { cmdList };
+    cmdQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(1, cmdLists);
+}
+
+TEST_P(BackpackTest, RenderBackpack) {
+    RHICommandQueue* cmdQueue = GetCommandQueue();
+    RHISwapChain* swapChain = GetSwapChain();
+    ASSERT_NE(cmdQueue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(swapChain, nullptr);
+
+    const int targetFrameCount = 30;
+    const char* screenshotFilename = GetScreenshotFilename(GetBackendType());
+    const int comparisonThreshold = GetComparisonThreshold(GetBackendType());
+
+    for (int frameCount = 0; frameCount <= targetFrameCount; ++frameCount) {
+        if (frameCount > 0) {
+            cmdQueue->WaitForPreviousFrame();
+        }
+
+        Log("[TEST] Backpack MainLoop: frame %d", frameCount);
+        BeginRender();
+        RenderFrame();
+
+        if (frameCount >= targetFrameCount) {
+            cmdQueue->WaitForIdle();
+            Log("[TEST] Backpack MainLoop: frame %d reached, capturing %s", frameCount, screenshotFilename);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(TakeScreenshot(screenshotFilename));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(CompareWithGoldenTemplate(screenshotFilename, "GT.ppm", static_cast<float>(comparisonThreshold)));
+            Log("[TEST] Backpack MainLoop: frame %d compare passed", frameCount);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        swapChain->Present(0, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(D3D12, BackpackTest, ::testing::Values(RHIType::D3D12));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(OpenGL, BackpackTest, ::testing::Values(RHIType::OpenGL));
+
+GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    Logger::Get().Initialize();
+    Logger::Get().AddSink(std::make_unique<ConsoleLogSink>());
+    Logger::Get().SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel::Debug);
+
+    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}

tests/RHI/unit/test_command_list.cpp

@@ -215,6 +215,38 @@ TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetIndexBuffer_WithRealView) {
     delete buffer;
 }
 
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetIndexBuffer_WithUint16View) {
+    BufferDesc bufferDesc = {};
+    bufferDesc.size = 256;
+    bufferDesc.stride = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    bufferDesc.bufferType = static_cast<uint32_t>(BufferType::Index);
+
+    RHIBuffer* buffer = GetDevice()->CreateBuffer(bufferDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+
+    ResourceViewDesc viewDesc = {};
+    viewDesc.dimension = ResourceViewDimension::Buffer;
+    viewDesc.format = static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R16_UInt);
+    RHIResourceView* ibv = GetDevice()->CreateIndexBufferView(buffer, viewDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(ibv, nullptr);
+
+    CommandListDesc cmdDesc = {};
+    cmdDesc.commandListType = static_cast<uint32_t>(CommandQueueType::Direct);
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList(cmdDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(cmdList, nullptr);
+
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    cmdList->SetIndexBuffer(ibv, 0);
+    cmdList->Close();
+
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    delete cmdList;
+    ibv->Shutdown();
+    delete ibv;
+    buffer->Shutdown();
+    delete buffer;
+}
+
 TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetStencilRef) {
     CommandListDesc cmdDesc = {};
     cmdDesc.commandListType = static_cast<uint32_t>(CommandQueueType::Direct);