XCEngine/tests/Rendering/unit/test_builtin_forward_pipeline.cpp

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include "Rendering/Internal/ShaderVariantUtils.h"

#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Builtin/BuiltinPassLayoutUtils.h>
#include "Rendering/Internal/RenderSurfacePipelineUtils.h"
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Passes/BuiltinDepthOnlyPass.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Passes/BuiltinObjectIdPass.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Passes/BuiltinShadowCasterPass.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Pipelines/BuiltinForwardPipeline.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/RenderSurface.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/BuiltinResources.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Mesh/Mesh.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Shader/Shader.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Shader/ShaderLoader.h>
#include <XCEngine/RHI/RHIEnums.h>
#include <XCEngine/RHI/ShaderCompiler/SpirvShaderCompiler.h>

#include <fstream>
#include <regex>

using namespace XCEngine::Rendering::Pipelines;
using namespace XCEngine::Rendering::Passes;
using namespace XCEngine::Rendering;
using namespace XCEngine::Containers;
using namespace XCEngine::Resources;
using namespace XCEngine::RHI;

namespace {

std::string EscapeRegexLiteralForTest(const std::string& value) {
    std::string escaped;
    escaped.reserve(value.size() * 2u);
    for (const char ch : value) {
        switch (ch) {
        case '\\':
        case '^':
        case '$':
        case '.':
        case '|':
        case '?':
        case '*':
        case '+':
        case '(':
        case ')':
        case '[':
        case ']':
        case '{':
        case '}':
            escaped.push_back('\\');
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        escaped.push_back(ch);
    }

    return escaped;
}

::testing::AssertionResult SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
    const std::string& source,
    const std::string& declaration,
    const std::string& registerClause) {
    const std::regex pattern(
        EscapeRegexLiteralForTest(declaration) + "\\s*:\\s*" +
            EscapeRegexLiteralForTest(registerClause),
        std::regex::ECMAScript);
    if (std::regex_search(source, pattern)) {
        return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
           << "Missing binding '" << declaration << " : " << registerClause << "' in source:\n"
           << source;
}

void AppendDefaultBuiltinPassResources(ShaderPass& pass) {
    Array<ShaderResourceBindingDesc> bindings;
    const bool resolved = TryBuildBuiltinPassDefaultResourceBindings(pass, bindings);
    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved);
    if (!resolved) {
        return;
    }

    for (const ShaderResourceBindingDesc& binding : bindings) {
        pass.resources.PushBack(binding);
    }
}

class TestResourceView final : public XCEngine::RHI::RHIResourceView {
public:
    TestResourceView(
        XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewType viewType,
        XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewDimension dimension,
        XCEngine::RHI::Format format)
        : m_viewType(viewType),
          m_dimension(dimension),
          m_format(format) {
    }

    void Shutdown() override {
    }

    void* GetNativeHandle() override {
        return nullptr;
    }

    bool IsValid() const override {
        return true;
    }

    XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewType GetViewType() const override {
        return m_viewType;
    }

    XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewDimension GetDimension() const override {
        return m_dimension;
    }

    XCEngine::RHI::Format GetFormat() const override {
        return m_format;
    }

private:
    XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewType m_viewType;
    XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewDimension m_dimension;
    XCEngine::RHI::Format m_format;
};

} // namespace

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, UsesFloat3PositionInputLayoutForStaticMeshVertices) {
    const InputLayoutDesc inputLayout = BuiltinForwardPipeline::BuildInputLayout();

    ASSERT_EQ(inputLayout.elements.size(), 3u);

    const InputElementDesc& position = inputLayout.elements[0];
    EXPECT_EQ(position.semanticName, "POSITION");
    EXPECT_EQ(position.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(position.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(position.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(position.alignedByteOffset, 0u);

    const InputElementDesc& normal = inputLayout.elements[1];
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.semanticName, "NORMAL");
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, normal)));

    const InputElementDesc& texcoord = inputLayout.elements[2];
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.semanticName, "TEXCOORD");
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, uv0)));
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, ResolvesContiguousSurfaceAttachmentFormatsIntoPipelineDesc) {
    TestResourceView color0(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R16G16B16A16_Float);
    TestResourceView color1(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
    TestResourceView depth(
        ResourceViewType::DepthStencil,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::D32_Float);

    RenderSurface surface(1280u, 720u);
    surface.SetColorAttachments({ &color0, &color1 });
    surface.SetDepthAttachment(&depth);
    surface.SetSampleDesc(4u, 0u);

    GraphicsPipelineDesc pipelineDesc = {};
    XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplySurfacePropertiesToGraphicsPipelineDesc(surface, pipelineDesc);

    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.renderTargetCount, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<Format>(pipelineDesc.renderTargetFormats[0]), Format::R16G16B16A16_Float);
    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<Format>(pipelineDesc.renderTargetFormats[1]), Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<Format>(pipelineDesc.depthStencilFormat), Format::D32_Float);
    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.sampleCount, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.sampleQuality, 0u);
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, PropagatesSampleQualityIntoPipelineDesc) {
    TestResourceView color0(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);

    RenderSurface surface(640u, 360u);
    surface.SetColorAttachment(&color0);
    surface.SetSampleDesc(4u, 3u);

    GraphicsPipelineDesc pipelineDesc = {};
    XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplySingleColorAttachmentPropertiesToGraphicsPipelineDesc(surface, pipelineDesc);

    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.renderTargetCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.sampleCount, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(pipelineDesc.sampleQuality, 3u);
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, StopsAtFirstNullColorAttachmentWhenResolvingFormats) {
    TestResourceView color0(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R16G16B16A16_Float);
    TestResourceView color2(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);

    RenderSurface surface(1280u, 720u);
    surface.SetColorAttachments({ &color0, nullptr, &color2 });

    const uint32_t colorAttachmentCount =
        XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ResolveSurfaceColorAttachmentCount(surface);
    const auto colorFormats =
        XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ResolveSurfaceColorFormats(surface);

    EXPECT_EQ(colorAttachmentCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<Format>(colorFormats[0]), Format::R16G16B16A16_Float);
    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<Format>(colorFormats[1]), Format::Unknown);
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, NormalizesInvalidSampleCountToSingleSample) {
    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);
    surface.SetSampleDesc(0u, 7u);

    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetSampleCount(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetSampleQuality(), 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ResolveSurfaceSampleCount(surface), 1u);
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, AcceptsDepthStyleSurfaceWithDepthOnlyOutput) {
    TestResourceView depth(
        ResourceViewType::DepthStencil,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::D32_Float);

    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);
    surface.SetDepthAttachment(&depth);
    surface.SetSampleDesc(1u, 0u);

    EXPECT_TRUE(XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::IsDepthStyleCompatibleSurface(surface));
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, RejectsDepthStyleSurfaceWithoutKnownDepthFormat) {
    TestResourceView color(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);

    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);
    surface.SetColorAttachment(&color);

    EXPECT_FALSE(XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::IsDepthStyleCompatibleSurface(surface));
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, RejectsDepthStyleSurfaceWithUnknownSingleColorFormat) {
    TestResourceView color(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::Unknown);
    TestResourceView depth(
        ResourceViewType::DepthStencil,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::D32_Float);

    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);
    surface.SetColorAttachment(&color);
    surface.SetDepthAttachment(&depth);

    EXPECT_FALSE(XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::IsDepthStyleCompatibleSurface(surface));
}

TEST(RenderSurfacePipelineUtils_Test, RejectsDepthStyleSurfaceWithMultipleColorAttachments) {
    TestResourceView color0(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R16G16B16A16_Float);
    TestResourceView color1(
        ResourceViewType::RenderTarget,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
    TestResourceView depth(
        ResourceViewType::DepthStencil,
        ResourceViewDimension::Texture2D,
        Format::D32_Float);

    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);
    surface.SetColorAttachments({ &color0, &color1 });
    surface.SetDepthAttachment(&depth);

    EXPECT_FALSE(XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::IsDepthStyleCompatibleSurface(surface));
}

TEST(RenderSurface_Test, DefaultsDepthStateToDepthWriteAndSupportsOverrides) {
    RenderSurface surface(640u, 480u);

    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetDepthStateBefore(), ResourceStates::DepthWrite);
    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetDepthStateAfter(), ResourceStates::DepthWrite);

    surface.SetDepthStateBefore(ResourceStates::Common);
    surface.SetDepthStateAfter(ResourceStates::PixelShaderResource);

    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetDepthStateBefore(), ResourceStates::Common);
    EXPECT_EQ(surface.GetDepthStateAfter(), ResourceStates::PixelShaderResource);
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, SplitsSceneItemsIntoOpaqueAndTransparentQueueRanges) {
    EXPECT_FALSE(IsTransparentRenderQueue(static_cast<int>(MaterialRenderQueue::Background)));
    EXPECT_FALSE(IsTransparentRenderQueue(static_cast<int>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry)));
    EXPECT_FALSE(IsTransparentRenderQueue(static_cast<int>(MaterialRenderQueue::AlphaTest)));
    EXPECT_TRUE(IsTransparentRenderQueue(static_cast<int>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent)));
    EXPECT_TRUE(IsTransparentRenderQueue(static_cast<int>(MaterialRenderQueue::Overlay)));
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinForwardShaderUsesAuthoringSurfaceContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* cutoff = shader->FindProperty("_Cutoff");
    ASSERT_NE(cutoff, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(cutoff->type, ShaderPropertyType::Range);
    EXPECT_EQ(cutoff->semantic, "AlphaCutoff");

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 8u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    const ShaderStageVariant* fragmentVariant = shader->FindVariant(
        "ForwardLit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(fragmentVariant, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        std::string(fragmentVariant->sourceCode.CStr()).find("register("),
        std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinUnlitShaderUsesAuthoringSurfaceContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinUnlitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Unlit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    const ShaderStageVariant* fragmentVariant = shader->FindVariant(
        "Unlit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(fragmentVariant, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        std::string(fragmentVariant->sourceCode.CStr()).find("register("),
        std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinUnlitShaderBuildsVulkanRuntimeSourceWithResolvedBindings) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinUnlitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Unlit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* fragmentVariant =
        shader->FindVariant(
            "Unlit",
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(fragmentVariant, nullptr);

    const std::string runtimeSource =
        ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::BuildRuntimeShaderSource(
            *pass,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
            *fragmentVariant);

    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_NE(runtimeSource.find("BaseColorTexture"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(runtimeSource.find("space2"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(runtimeSource.find("LinearClampSampler"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(runtimeSource.find("space3"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringUnlitBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinUnlitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Unlit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Fragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "Unlit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Fragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Fragment,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "Texture2D BaseColorTexture",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0)"));

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "Unlit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanFragment,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("BaseColorTexture"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("space2"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("LinearClampSampler"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("space3"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringForwardBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    ShaderKeywordSet shadowKeywords = {};
    shadowKeywords.enabledKeywords.PushBack("XC_MAIN_LIGHT_SHADOWS");

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Fragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ForwardLit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        shadowKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Fragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Fragment,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer LightingConstants",
        "register(b1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer ShadowReceiverConstants",
        "register(b3)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "Texture2D BaseColorTexture",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "Texture2D ShadowMapTexture",
        "register(t1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "SamplerState ShadowMapSampler",
        "register(s1)"));
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space0"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space1"), std::string::npos);

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ForwardLit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        shadowKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanFragment,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer LightingConstants",
        "register(b0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b0, space2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer ShadowReceiverConstants",
        "register(b0, space3)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "Texture2D BaseColorTexture",
        "register(t0, space4)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0, space5)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "Texture2D ShadowMapTexture",
        "register(t0, space6)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "SamplerState ShadowMapSampler",
        "register(s0, space7)"));

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, OpenGLRuntimeTranspilesForwardShadowVariantToLegacyClipConventions) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    ShaderKeywordSet shadowKeywords = {};
    shadowKeywords.enabledKeywords.PushBack("XC_MAIN_LIGHT_SHADOWS");

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ForwardLit",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        shadowKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc compileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        *openGLFragment,
        compileDesc);
    const std::string runtimeSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(compileDesc.source.data()),
        compileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_NE(runtimeSource.find("const float shadowUvY = shadowNdc.y * 0.5f + 0.5f;"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(
        runtimeSource.find("shadowNdc.z < -1.0f || shadowNdc.z > 1.0f"),
        std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(
        runtimeSource.find(
            "const float receiverDepth = shadowNdc.z * 0.5f + 0.5f - gShadowBiasAndTexelSize.x;"),
        std::string::npos);

    XCEngine::RHI::CompiledSpirvShader spirvShader = {};
    std::string errorMessage;
    ASSERT_TRUE(
        XCEngine::RHI::CompileSpirvShader(
            compileDesc,
            XCEngine::RHI::SpirvTargetEnvironment::Vulkan,
            spirvShader,
            &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;

    std::string glslSource;
    ASSERT_TRUE(XCEngine::RHI::TranspileSpirvToOpenGLGLSL(spirvShader, glslSource, &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;
    EXPECT_NE(
        glslSource.find("uniform sampler2D SPIRV_Cross_CombinedBaseColorTextureLinearClampSampler;"),
        std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(
        glslSource.find("uniform sampler2D SPIRV_Cross_CombinedShadowMapTextureShadowMapSampler;"),
        std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(
        glslSource.find("spvWorkaroundRowMajor(ShadowReceiverConstants.gWorldToShadowMatrix)"),
        std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("texture(SPIRV_Cross_CombinedShadowMapTextureShadowMapSampler"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthStylePass_Test, OpenGLRuntimeTranspilesDepthOnlyAlphaVariantWithTexcoordAtLocation2) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinDepthOnlyShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("DepthOnly");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    ShaderKeywordSet alphaKeywords = {};
    alphaKeywords.enabledKeywords.PushBack("XC_ALPHA_TEST");

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLVertex = shader->FindVariant(
        "DepthOnly",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Vertex,
        ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        alphaKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLVertex, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "DepthOnly",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        alphaKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLFragment, nullptr);

    auto transpileStage = [](const ShaderPass& targetPass,
                             const ShaderStageVariant& variant,
                             std::string& glslSource) {
        ShaderCompileDesc compileDesc = {};
        ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
            targetPass,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
            variant,
            compileDesc);

        XCEngine::RHI::CompiledSpirvShader spirvShader = {};
        std::string errorMessage;
        EXPECT_TRUE(
            XCEngine::RHI::CompileSpirvShader(
                compileDesc,
                XCEngine::RHI::SpirvTargetEnvironment::Vulkan,
                spirvShader,
                &errorMessage))
            << errorMessage;
        EXPECT_TRUE(XCEngine::RHI::TranspileSpirvToOpenGLGLSL(spirvShader, glslSource, &errorMessage))
            << errorMessage;
    };

    std::string vertexGlsl;
    transpileStage(*pass, *openGLVertex, vertexGlsl);
    EXPECT_NE(vertexGlsl.find("layout(location = 2) in vec2"), std::string::npos);

    std::string fragmentGlsl;
    transpileStage(*pass, *openGLFragment, fragmentGlsl);
    EXPECT_NE(fragmentGlsl.find("discard;"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(fragmentGlsl.find("gl_FragDepth"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthStylePass_Test, OpenGLRuntimeTranspilesShadowCasterAlphaVariantWithTexcoordAtLocation2) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinShadowCasterShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ShadowCaster");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    ShaderKeywordSet alphaKeywords = {};
    alphaKeywords.enabledKeywords.PushBack("XC_ALPHA_TEST");

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLVertex = shader->FindVariant(
        "ShadowCaster",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Vertex,
        ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        alphaKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLVertex, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ShadowCaster",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        alphaKeywords);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLFragment, nullptr);

    auto transpileStage = [](const ShaderPass& targetPass,
                             const ShaderStageVariant& variant,
                             std::string& glslSource) {
        ShaderCompileDesc compileDesc = {};
        ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
            targetPass,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
            variant,
            compileDesc);

        XCEngine::RHI::CompiledSpirvShader spirvShader = {};
        std::string errorMessage;
        EXPECT_TRUE(
            XCEngine::RHI::CompileSpirvShader(
                compileDesc,
                XCEngine::RHI::SpirvTargetEnvironment::Vulkan,
                spirvShader,
                &errorMessage))
            << errorMessage;
        EXPECT_TRUE(XCEngine::RHI::TranspileSpirvToOpenGLGLSL(spirvShader, glslSource, &errorMessage))
            << errorMessage;
    };

    std::string vertexGlsl;
    transpileStage(*pass, *openGLVertex, vertexGlsl);
    EXPECT_NE(vertexGlsl.find("layout(location = 2) in vec2"), std::string::npos);

    std::string fragmentGlsl;
    transpileStage(*pass, *openGLFragment, fragmentGlsl);
    EXPECT_NE(fragmentGlsl.find("discard;"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(fragmentGlsl.find("gl_FragDepth"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinSkyboxShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinSkyboxShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Skybox");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 5u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::None);
    EXPECT_FALSE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* tint = shader->FindProperty("_Tint");
    ASSERT_NE(tint, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(tint->type, ShaderPropertyType::Color);
    EXPECT_EQ(tint->semantic, "Tint");

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* exposure = shader->FindProperty("_Exposure");
    ASSERT_NE(exposure, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(exposure->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);
    EXPECT_EQ(exposure->semantic, "Exposure");

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* rotation = shader->FindProperty("_Rotation");
    ASSERT_NE(rotation, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(rotation->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);
    EXPECT_EQ(rotation->semantic, "Rotation");

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* panoramic = shader->FindProperty("_MainTex");
    ASSERT_NE(panoramic, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(panoramic->type, ShaderPropertyType::Texture2D);
    EXPECT_EQ(panoramic->semantic, "SkyboxPanoramicTexture");

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* cubemap = shader->FindProperty("_Tex");
    ASSERT_NE(cubemap, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(cubemap->type, ShaderPropertyType::TextureCube);
    EXPECT_EQ(cubemap->semantic, "SkyboxTexture");

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedSkyboxShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinSkyboxShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Skybox");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 5u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.environment.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.skyboxPanoramicTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.skyboxTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 5u);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinGaussianSplatShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplat");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 5u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::None);
    EXPECT_FALSE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.blendEnable);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* pointScale = shader->FindProperty("_PointScale");
    ASSERT_NE(pointScale, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pointScale->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* opacityScale = shader->FindProperty("_OpacityScale");
    ASSERT_NE(opacityScale, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(opacityScale->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* positions =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplat", "GaussianSplatPositions");
    ASSERT_NE(positions, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->type, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*positions),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatPositionBuffer);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* other =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplat", "GaussianSplatOther");
    ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(other->type, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(other->set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(other->binding, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*other),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatOtherBuffer);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* color =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplat", "GaussianSplatColor");
    ASSERT_NE(color, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(color->type, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(color->set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(color->binding, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*color),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatColorBuffer);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedGaussianSplatShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplat");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 5u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatPositionBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatOtherBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatColorBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.gaussianSplatSHBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.perObject.set, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.material.set, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatPositionBuffer.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatPositionBuffer.binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatOtherBuffer.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatOtherBuffer.binding, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatColorBuffer.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatColorBuffer.binding, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 3u);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[1].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesGaussianSplatPositionBuffer);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesGaussianSplatOtherBuffer);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesGaussianSplatColorBuffer);
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[2].bindings.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[0].type),
        DescriptorType::SRV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[1].type),
        DescriptorType::SRV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[2].type),
        DescriptorType::SRV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[2].bindings[0].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[2].bindings[1].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[2].bindings[2].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringGaussianSplatBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplat");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Vertex = shader->FindVariant(
        "GaussianSplat",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Vertex,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Vertex, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Vertex,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "StructuredBuffer<float3> GaussianSplatPositions",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "StructuredBuffer<GaussianSplatOtherData> GaussianSplatOther",
        "register(t1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "StructuredBuffer<float4> GaussianSplatColor",
        "register(t2)"));
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space0"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space1"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space2"), std::string::npos);

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanVertex = shader->FindVariant(
        "GaussianSplat",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Vertex,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanVertex, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanVertex,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "StructuredBuffer<float3> GaussianSplatPositions",
        "register(t0, space2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "StructuredBuffer<GaussianSplatOtherData> GaussianSplatOther",
        "register(t1, space2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "StructuredBuffer<float4> GaussianSplatColor",
        "register(t2, space2)"));

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinGaussianSplatUtilitiesShaderUsesComputeAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatUtilitiesShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 4u);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* perObject =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder", "PerObjectConstants");
    ASSERT_NE(perObject, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(perObject->type, ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(perObject->set, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(perObject->binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*perObject),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::PerObject);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* positions =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder", "GaussianSplatPositions");
    ASSERT_NE(positions, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->type, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(positions->binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*positions),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatPositionBuffer);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* sortDistances =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder", "GaussianSplatSortDistances");
    ASSERT_NE(sortDistances, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(sortDistances->type, ShaderResourceType::RWStructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sortDistances->set, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sortDistances->binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*sortDistances),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatSortDistanceBuffer);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* orderBuffer =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder", "GaussianSplatOrderBuffer");
    ASSERT_NE(orderBuffer, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(orderBuffer->type, ShaderResourceType::RWStructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(orderBuffer->set, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(orderBuffer->binding, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*orderBuffer),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::GaussianSplatOrderBuffer);

    const ShaderStageVariant* computeVariant = shader->FindVariant(
        "GaussianSplatPrepareOrder",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Compute,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(computeVariant, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(computeVariant->entryPoint, "GaussianSplatPrepareOrderCS");

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedGaussianSplatUtilitiesShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatUtilitiesShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatPositionBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatSortDistanceBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.gaussianSplatOrderBuffer.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.perObject.set, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatPositionBuffer.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatSortDistanceBuffer.set, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatSortDistanceBuffer.binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatOrderBuffer.set, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.gaussianSplatOrderBuffer.binding, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 5u);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 5u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesGaussianSplatPositionBuffer);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[4].usesGaussianSplatSortDistanceBuffer);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[4].usesGaussianSplatOrderBuffer);
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[4].bindings.size(), 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[4].bindings[0].type),
        DescriptorType::UAV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[4].bindings[1].type),
        DescriptorType::UAV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[4].bindings[0].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[4].bindings[1].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesGaussianSplatUtilitiesComputeBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinGaussianSplatUtilitiesShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("GaussianSplatPrepareOrder");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Compute = shader->FindVariant(
        "GaussianSplatPrepareOrder",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Compute,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Compute, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Compute,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "StructuredBuffer<float3> GaussianSplatPositions",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "RWStructuredBuffer<uint> GaussianSplatSortDistances",
        "register(u0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "RWStructuredBuffer<uint> GaussianSplatOrderBuffer",
        "register(u1)"));

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanCompute = shader->FindVariant(
        "GaussianSplatPrepareOrder",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Compute,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanCompute, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanCompute,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "StructuredBuffer<float3> GaussianSplatPositions",
        "register(t0, space2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "RWStructuredBuffer<uint> GaussianSplatSortDistances",
        "register(u0, space4)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "RWStructuredBuffer<uint> GaussianSplatOrderBuffer",
        "register(u1, space4)"));

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinVolumetricShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinVolumetricShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Volumetric");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::None);
    EXPECT_FALSE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.blendEnable);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* lighting =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("Volumetric", "LightingConstants");
    ASSERT_NE(lighting, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(lighting->type, ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(lighting->set, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(lighting->binding, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*lighting),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::Lighting);

    const ShaderResourceBindingDesc* volumeData =
        shader->FindPassResourceBinding("Volumetric", "VolumeData");
    ASSERT_NE(volumeData, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(volumeData->type, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(volumeData->set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(volumeData->binding, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        ResolveBuiltinPassResourceSemantic(*volumeData),
        BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::VolumeField);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedVolumetricShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinVolumetricShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Volumetric");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.lighting.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.volumeField.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.perObject.set, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.lighting.set, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.material.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.volumeField.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.volumeField.binding, 1u);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[1].usesLighting);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesVolumeField);
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[2].bindings.size(), 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[0].type),
        DescriptorType::CBV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[1].type),
        DescriptorType::SRV);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        setLayouts[2].bindings[1].resourceDimension,
        ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinFinalColorShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinFinalColorShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("FinalColor");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::None);
    EXPECT_FALSE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::Always);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* colorScale = shader->FindProperty("_ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(colorScale, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(colorScale->type, ShaderPropertyType::Color);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* exposure = shader->FindProperty("_Exposure");
    ASSERT_NE(exposure, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(exposure->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* outputTransferMode = shader->FindProperty("_OutputTransferMode");
    ASSERT_NE(outputTransferMode, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(outputTransferMode->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* toneMappingMode = shader->FindProperty("_ToneMappingMode");
    ASSERT_NE(toneMappingMode, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(toneMappingMode->type, ShaderPropertyType::Float);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedFinalColorShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinFinalColorShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("FinalColor");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.passConstants.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.sourceColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 3u);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuiltinColorScalePostProcessShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinColorScalePostProcessShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::None);
    EXPECT_FALSE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::Always);

    const ShaderPropertyDesc* colorScale = shader->FindProperty("_ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(colorScale, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(colorScale->type, ShaderPropertyType::Color);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedColorScalePostProcessShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinColorScalePostProcessShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.passConstants.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.sourceColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 3u);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringFinalColorBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinFinalColorShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("FinalColor");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Fragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "FinalColor",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Fragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Fragment,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer FinalColorConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "Texture2D SourceColorTexture",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0)"));
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space0"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space1"), std::string::npos);

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "FinalColor",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanFragment, nullptr);

    const std::string runtimeSource =
        ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::BuildRuntimeShaderSource(
            *pass,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
            *vulkanFragment);
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "cbuffer FinalColorConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "Texture2D SourceColorTexture",
        "register(t0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0, space2)"));

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanFragment,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("ApplyLinearToSRGB"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("ApplyToneMapping"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringVolumetricBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinVolumetricShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Volumetric");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Fragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "Volumetric",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Fragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Fragment,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer LightingConstants",
        "register(b1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "StructuredBuffer<uint> VolumeData",
        "register(t0)"));

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "Volumetric",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanFragment,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer PerObjectConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer LightingConstants",
        "register(b0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "cbuffer MaterialConstants",
        "register(b0, space2)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        vulkanSource,
        "StructuredBuffer<uint> VolumeData",
        "register(t1, space2)"));

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, OpenGLRuntimeTranspilesFinalColorVariantToCombinedSourceSampler) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinFinalColorShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("FinalColor");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "FinalColor",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc compileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        *openGLFragment,
        compileDesc);

    XCEngine::RHI::CompiledSpirvShader spirvShader = {};
    std::string errorMessage;
    ASSERT_TRUE(
        XCEngine::RHI::CompileSpirvShader(
            compileDesc,
            XCEngine::RHI::SpirvTargetEnvironment::Vulkan,
            spirvShader,
            &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;

    std::string glslSource;
    ASSERT_TRUE(XCEngine::RHI::TranspileSpirvToOpenGLGLSL(spirvShader, glslSource, &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("uniform sampler2D SPIRV_Cross_Combined"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("texture(SPIRV_Cross_Combined"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("FinalColorConstants"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, VulkanRuntimeCompileDescRewritesAuthoringColorScaleBindingsToDescriptorSpaces) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinColorScalePostProcessShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* d3d12Fragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ColorScale",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12);
    ASSERT_NE(d3d12Fragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc d3d12CompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::D3D12,
        *d3d12Fragment,
        d3d12CompileDesc);
    const std::string d3d12Source(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(d3d12CompileDesc.source.data()),
        d3d12CompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "cbuffer PostProcessConstants",
        "register(b0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "Texture2D SourceColorTexture",
        "register(t0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        d3d12Source,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0)"));
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space0"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_EQ(d3d12Source.find("space1"), std::string::npos);

    const ShaderStageVariant* vulkanFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ColorScale",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan);
    ASSERT_NE(vulkanFragment, nullptr);

    const std::string runtimeSource =
        ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::BuildRuntimeShaderSource(
            *pass,
            XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
            *vulkanFragment);
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "cbuffer PostProcessConstants",
        "register(b0, space0)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "Texture2D SourceColorTexture",
        "register(t0, space1)"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(SourceContainsRegisterBinding(
        runtimeSource,
        "SamplerState LinearClampSampler",
        "register(s0, space2)"));

    ShaderCompileDesc vulkanCompileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::Vulkan,
        *vulkanFragment,
        vulkanCompileDesc);
    const std::string vulkanSource(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vulkanCompileDesc.source.data()),
        vulkanCompileDesc.source.size());
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("SourceColorTexture.Sample"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(vulkanSource.find("gColorScale"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, OpenGLRuntimeTranspilesColorScaleVariantToCombinedSourceSampler) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinColorScalePostProcessShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ColorScale");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    const ShaderStageVariant* openGLFragment = shader->FindVariant(
        "ColorScale",
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderType::Fragment,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL);
    ASSERT_NE(openGLFragment, nullptr);

    ShaderCompileDesc compileDesc = {};
    ::XCEngine::Rendering::Internal::ApplyShaderStageVariant(
        *pass,
        XCEngine::Resources::ShaderBackend::OpenGL,
        *openGLFragment,
        compileDesc);

    XCEngine::RHI::CompiledSpirvShader spirvShader = {};
    std::string errorMessage;
    ASSERT_TRUE(
        XCEngine::RHI::CompileSpirvShader(
            compileDesc,
            XCEngine::RHI::SpirvTargetEnvironment::Vulkan,
            spirvShader,
            &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;

    std::string glslSource;
    ASSERT_TRUE(XCEngine::RHI::TranspileSpirvToOpenGLGLSL(spirvShader, glslSource, &errorMessage))
        << errorMessage;
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("uniform sampler2D SPIRV_Cross_Combined"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("texture(SPIRV_Cross_Combined"), std::string::npos);
    EXPECT_NE(glslSource.find("PostProcessConstants"), std::string::npos);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedForwardShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.lighting.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowReceiver.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowMapTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowMapSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 8u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesConstantBuffers);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesTextures);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesSamplers);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromBuiltinForwardShaderContract) {
    ShaderPass pass = {};
    pass.name = "ForwardLit";

    ShaderPassTagEntry tag = {};
    tag.name = "LightMode";
    tag.value = "ForwardLit";
    pass.tags.PushBack(tag);
    AppendDefaultBuiltinPassResources(pass);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.lighting.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowReceiver.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowMapTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.shadowMapSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 8u);
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromLoadedUnlitShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinUnlitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("Unlit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesConstantBuffers);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesTextures);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesSamplers);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinForwardPipeline_Test, UsesLoadedForwardShaderResourceSetIndices) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 8u);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 8u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.perObject.set, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.lighting.set, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.material.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.shadowReceiver.set, 3u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.baseColorTexture.set, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.linearClampSampler.set, 5u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.shadowMapTexture.set, 6u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.shadowMapSampler.set, 7u);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, BuildsSharedSetLayoutsFromLoadedForwardShaderResources) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinForwardLitShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ForwardLit");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 8u);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 8u);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[0].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesMaterial);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[1].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[1].usesLighting);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].shaderVisible);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[2].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].shaderVisible);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[3].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[3].usesShadowReceiver);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].shaderVisible);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[4].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[4].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[4].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[4].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[5].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[5].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[5].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[5].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::Sampler);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[6].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[6].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[6].shaderVisible);

    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[7].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[7].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[7].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[7].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::Sampler);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthStylePass_Test, BuiltinDepthOnlyShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinDepthOnlyShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("DepthOnly");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthStylePass_Test, BuiltinShadowCasterShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinShadowCasterShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ShadowCaster");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinObjectIdPass_Test, BuiltinObjectIdShaderUsesAuthoringContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinObjectIdShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ObjectId");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->resources.Size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->hasFixedFunctionState);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(pass->fixedFunctionState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinObjectIdPass_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromBuiltinObjectIdShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinObjectIdShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ObjectId");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesConstantBuffers);
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.usesTextures);
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.usesSamplers);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinObjectIdPass_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromExplicitObjectIdContract) {
    ShaderPass pass = {};
    pass.name = "ObjectId";

    ShaderPassTagEntry tag = {};
    tag.name = "LightMode";
    tag.value = "ObjectId";
    pass.tags.PushBack(tag);
    AppendDefaultBuiltinPassResources(pass);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.bindings.Size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_FALSE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 1u);
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthStylePass_Test, BuildsBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlanFromExplicitDepthOnlyContract) {
    ShaderPass pass = {};
    pass.name = "DepthOnly";

    ShaderPassTagEntry tag = {};
    tag.name = "LightMode";
    tag.value = "DepthOnly";
    pass.tags.PushBack(tag);
    AppendDefaultBuiltinPassResources(pass);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 4u);
}

TEST(BuiltinObjectIdPass_Test, UsesFloat3PositionInputLayoutForStaticMeshVertices) {
    const InputLayoutDesc inputLayout = BuiltinObjectIdPass::BuildInputLayout();

    ASSERT_EQ(inputLayout.elements.size(), 3u);

    const InputElementDesc& position = inputLayout.elements[0];
    EXPECT_EQ(position.semanticName, "POSITION");
    EXPECT_EQ(position.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(position.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(position.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(position.alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, position)));

    const InputElementDesc& normal = inputLayout.elements[1];
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.semanticName, "NORMAL");
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32B32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(normal.alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, normal)));

    const InputElementDesc& texcoord = inputLayout.elements[2];
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.semanticName, "TEXCOORD");
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.semanticIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.format, static_cast<uint32_t>(Format::R32G32_Float));
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.inputSlot, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(texcoord.alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, uv0)));
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, BuildsSharedSetLayoutsFromExplicitObjectIdResources) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinObjectIdShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ObjectId");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[0].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[0].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, BuildsSharedSetLayoutsFromBuiltinDepthOnlyShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinDepthOnlyShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("DepthOnly");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesConstantBuffers);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesTextures);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesSamplers);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[0].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[1].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[1].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[2].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[3].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[3].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[3].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[3].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::Sampler);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, BuildsSharedSetLayoutsFromBuiltinShadowCasterShaderContract) {
    ShaderLoader loader;
    LoadResult result = loader.Load(GetBuiltinShadowCasterShaderPath());
    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
    ASSERT_NE(result.resource, nullptr);

    Shader* shader = static_cast<Shader*>(result.resource);
    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);

    const ShaderPass* pass = shader->FindPass("ShadowCaster");
    ASSERT_NE(pass, nullptr);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(*pass, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.perObject.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.material.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.baseColorTexture.IsValid());
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.linearClampSampler.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.firstDescriptorSet, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.descriptorSetCount, 4u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesConstantBuffers);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesTextures);
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesSamplers);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[0].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[0].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[0].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[1].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[1].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[1].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[2].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[2].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[3].layout.bindingCount, 1u);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesPerObject);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesMaterial);
    EXPECT_FALSE(setLayouts[3].usesTexture);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[3].usesSampler);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[3].shaderVisible);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[3].heapType, DescriptorHeapType::Sampler);

    delete shader;
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, RejectsMixedSamplerAndNonSamplerBindingsInOneSet) {
    Array<ShaderResourceBindingDesc> bindings;
    bindings.Resize(2);

    bindings[0].name = "BaseColorTexture";
    bindings[0].type = ShaderResourceType::Texture2D;
    bindings[0].set = 0;
    bindings[0].binding = 0;
    bindings[0].semantic = "BaseColorTexture";

    bindings[1].name = "LinearClampSampler";
    bindings[1].type = ShaderResourceType::Sampler;
    bindings[1].set = 0;
    bindings[1].binding = 1;
    bindings[1].semantic = "LinearClampSampler";

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(bindings, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    EXPECT_FALSE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error));
    EXPECT_EQ(error, "Builtin pass does not support mixing sampler and non-sampler bindings in one set");
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, RejectsDuplicateBindingsInOneSet) {
    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    BuiltinPassResourceBindingDesc perObjectBinding = {};
    perObjectBinding.semantic = BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::PerObject;
    perObjectBinding.resourceType = ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer;
    perObjectBinding.location = { 0, 0 };
    plan.bindings.PushBack(perObjectBinding);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingDesc materialBinding = {};
    materialBinding.semantic = BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::Material;
    materialBinding.resourceType = ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer;
    materialBinding.location = { 0, 0 };
    plan.bindings.PushBack(materialBinding);
    plan.maxSetIndex = 0;
    plan.firstDescriptorSet = 0;
    plan.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    plan.usesConstantBuffers = true;
    plan.perObject = { 0, 0 };
    plan.material = { 0, 0 };

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    String error;
    EXPECT_FALSE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error));
    EXPECT_EQ(error, "Builtin pass encountered duplicate bindings inside one descriptor set");
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, AcceptsRuntimeMaterialBufferBindingsWithoutBuiltinSemanticMetadata) {
    Array<ShaderResourceBindingDesc> bindings;

    ShaderResourceBindingDesc perObjectBinding = {};
    perObjectBinding.name = "PerObjectConstants";
    perObjectBinding.type = ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer;
    perObjectBinding.set = 0u;
    perObjectBinding.binding = 0u;
    perObjectBinding.semantic = "PerObject";
    bindings.PushBack(perObjectBinding);

    ShaderResourceBindingDesc materialBinding = {};
    materialBinding.name = "MaterialConstants";
    materialBinding.type = ShaderResourceType::ConstantBuffer;
    materialBinding.set = 1u;
    materialBinding.binding = 0u;
    materialBinding.semantic = "Material";
    bindings.PushBack(materialBinding);

    ShaderResourceBindingDesc bufferBinding = {};
    bufferBinding.name = "VolumeNodes";
    bufferBinding.type = ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer;
    bufferBinding.set = 2u;
    bufferBinding.binding = 0u;
    bindings.PushBack(bufferBinding);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(bindings, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    EXPECT_TRUE(plan.usesMaterialBuffers);
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings.Size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].name, "VolumeNodes");
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].semantic, BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::MaterialBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].resourceType, ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].location.set, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].location.binding, 0u);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[2].usesMaterialBuffers);
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[2].materialBufferBindings.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[2].materialBufferBindings[0].name, "VolumeNodes");
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[2].bindings.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[2].bindings[0].type),
        DescriptorType::SRV);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[2].bindings[0].resourceDimension, ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);
}

TEST(BuiltinPassLayout_Test, AcceptsRuntimeMaterialRawUavBufferBindings) {
    Array<ShaderResourceBindingDesc> bindings;

    ShaderResourceBindingDesc bufferBinding = {};
    bufferBinding.name = "VolumeCounters";
    bufferBinding.type = ShaderResourceType::RWRawBuffer;
    bufferBinding.set = 4u;
    bufferBinding.binding = 3u;
    bindings.PushBack(bufferBinding);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan plan = {};
    String error;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassResourceBindingPlan(bindings, plan, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings.Size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(plan.materialBufferBindings[0].semantic, BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::MaterialBuffer);

    std::vector<BuiltinPassSetLayoutMetadata> setLayouts;
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryBuildBuiltinPassSetLayouts(plan, setLayouts, &error)) << error.CStr();
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts.size(), 5u);
    ASSERT_EQ(setLayouts[4].bindings.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        static_cast<DescriptorType>(setLayouts[4].bindings[0].type),
        DescriptorType::UAV);
    EXPECT_EQ(setLayouts[4].bindings[0].resourceDimension, ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer);
    EXPECT_TRUE(setLayouts[4].usesMaterialBuffers);
}

TEST(BuiltinDepthOnlyPass_Test, UsesFloat3PositionInputLayoutForStaticMeshVertices) {
    const InputLayoutDesc inputLayout = BuiltinDepthOnlyPass::BuildInputLayout();

    ASSERT_EQ(inputLayout.elements.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[0].semanticName, "POSITION");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[1].semanticName, "NORMAL");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[2].semanticName, "TEXCOORD");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[0].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, position)));
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[1].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, normal)));
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[2].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, uv0)));
}

TEST(BuiltinShadowCasterPass_Test, UsesFloat3PositionInputLayoutForStaticMeshVertices) {
    const InputLayoutDesc inputLayout = BuiltinShadowCasterPass::BuildInputLayout();

    ASSERT_EQ(inputLayout.elements.size(), 3u);
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[0].semanticName, "POSITION");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[1].semanticName, "NORMAL");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[2].semanticName, "TEXCOORD");
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[0].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, position)));
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[1].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, normal)));
    EXPECT_EQ(inputLayout.elements[2].alignedByteOffset, static_cast<uint32_t>(offsetof(StaticMeshVertex, uv0)));
}