#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Device.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12CommandQueue.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12CommandList.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12CommandAllocator.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Fence.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12DescriptorHeap.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12DescriptorSet.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12QueryHeap.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12RootSignature.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12PipelineLayout.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12PipelineState.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Sampler.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Texture.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Buffer.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12SwapChain.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Shader.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12ResourceView.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12RenderPass.h"
#include "XCEngine/RHI/D3D12/D3D12Framebuffer.h"
#include "XCEngine/Debug/Logger.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstring>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#ifdef _DEBUG
#include <dxgidebug.h>
#endif

namespace XCEngine {
namespace RHI {

namespace {

std::string NarrowAscii(const std::wstring& value) {
    std::string result;
    result.reserve(value.size());
    for (wchar_t ch : value) {
        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(ch));
    }
    return result;
}

uint64_t GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
void LogVolumeTraceRendering(const std::string& message);

bool HasShaderPayload(const ShaderCompileDesc& desc) {
    return !desc.source.empty() || !desc.fileName.empty();
}

bool ShouldTraceVolumetricShaderCompile(const ShaderCompileDesc& desc) {
    const std::string fileName = NarrowAscii(desc.fileName);
    if (fileName.find("volumetric") != std::string::npos) {
        return true;
    }

    if (!desc.source.empty()) {
        const std::string sourceText(desc.source.begin(), desc.source.end());
        if (sourceText.find("PNANOVDB_HLSL") != std::string::npos ||
            sourceText.find("VolumeData") != std::string::npos) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

std::string DescribeShaderCompileDesc(const ShaderCompileDesc& desc) {
    std::string description =
        "entry=" + NarrowAscii(desc.entryPoint) +
        " profile=" + NarrowAscii(desc.profile) +
        " source_bytes=" + std::to_string(desc.source.size()) +
        " macro_count=" + std::to_string(desc.macros.size());
    if (!desc.fileName.empty()) {
        description += " file=" + NarrowAscii(desc.fileName);
    }
    return description;
}

bool CompileD3D12Shader(const ShaderCompileDesc& desc, D3D12Shader& shader) {
    const bool traceShaderCompile = ShouldTraceVolumetricShaderCompile(desc);
    const uint64_t compileStartMs = traceShaderCompile ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;
    if (traceShaderCompile) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 shader compile begin steady_ms=" + std::to_string(compileStartMs) + " " +
            DescribeShaderCompileDesc(desc));
    }

    const std::string entryPoint = NarrowAscii(desc.entryPoint);
    const std::string profile = NarrowAscii(desc.profile);
    const char* entryPointPtr = entryPoint.empty() ? nullptr : entryPoint.c_str();
    const char* profilePtr = profile.empty() ? nullptr : profile.c_str();

    if (!desc.source.empty()) {
        std::vector<std::string> macroNames;
        std::vector<std::string> macroDefinitions;
        std::vector<D3D_SHADER_MACRO> macroTable;
        if (!desc.macros.empty()) {
            macroNames.reserve(desc.macros.size());
            macroDefinitions.reserve(desc.macros.size());
            macroTable.reserve(desc.macros.size() + 1u);
            for (const ShaderCompileMacro& macro : desc.macros) {
                macroNames.push_back(NarrowAscii(macro.name));
                macroDefinitions.push_back(NarrowAscii(macro.definition));
            }

            for (size_t macroIndex = 0; macroIndex < desc.macros.size(); ++macroIndex) {
                D3D_SHADER_MACRO d3dMacro = {};
                d3dMacro.Name = macroNames[macroIndex].c_str();
                d3dMacro.Definition = macroDefinitions[macroIndex].empty()
                    ? "1"
                    : macroDefinitions[macroIndex].c_str();
                macroTable.push_back(d3dMacro);
            }
            macroTable.push_back({ nullptr, nullptr });
        }

        const D3D_SHADER_MACRO* macroPtr = macroTable.empty() ? nullptr : macroTable.data();
        const bool compiled = shader.Compile(
            desc.source.data(),
            desc.source.size(),
            desc.fileName.empty() ? nullptr : desc.fileName.c_str(),
            macroPtr,
            entryPointPtr,
            profilePtr);
        if (traceShaderCompile) {
            const uint64_t compileEndMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
            LogVolumeTraceRendering(
                std::string("D3D12 shader compile ") + (compiled ? "end" : "failed") +
                " steady_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs) +
                " total_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs - compileStartMs) + " " +
                DescribeShaderCompileDesc(desc));
        }
        return compiled;
    }

    if (!desc.fileName.empty()) {
        const bool compiled = shader.CompileFromFile(desc.fileName.c_str(), entryPointPtr, profilePtr);
        if (traceShaderCompile) {
            const uint64_t compileEndMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
            LogVolumeTraceRendering(
                std::string("D3D12 shader compile ") + (compiled ? "end" : "failed") +
                " steady_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs) +
                " total_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs - compileStartMs) + " " +
                DescribeShaderCompileDesc(desc));
        }
        return compiled;
    }

    if (traceShaderCompile) {
        const uint64_t compileEndMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 shader compile failed steady_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs) +
            " total_ms=" + std::to_string(compileEndMs - compileStartMs) +
            " reason=empty_shader_payload " + DescribeShaderCompileDesc(desc));
    }
    return false;
}

bool WaitForQueueIdle(
    ID3D12Device* device,
    ID3D12CommandQueue* commandQueue) {
    if (device == nullptr || commandQueue == nullptr) {
        return false;
    }

    ID3D12Fence* fence = nullptr;
    if (FAILED(device->CreateFence(0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&fence)))) {
        return false;
    }

    HANDLE fenceEvent = CreateEvent(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
    if (fenceEvent == nullptr) {
        fence->Release();
        return false;
    }

    constexpr UINT64 kFenceValue = 1;
    const HRESULT signalResult = commandQueue->Signal(fence, kFenceValue);
    if (FAILED(signalResult)) {
        CloseHandle(fenceEvent);
        fence->Release();
        return false;
    }

    if (fence->GetCompletedValue() < kFenceValue) {
        if (FAILED(fence->SetEventOnCompletion(kFenceValue, fenceEvent))) {
            CloseHandle(fenceEvent);
            fence->Release();
            return false;
        }
        WaitForSingleObject(fenceEvent, INFINITE);
    }

    CloseHandle(fenceEvent);
    fence->Release();
    return true;
}

uint32_t GetFormatBytesPerPixel(Format format) {
    switch (format) {
        case Format::R8_UNorm:
            return 1;
        case Format::R8G8_UNorm:
            return 2;
        case Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm:
        case Format::R8G8B8A8_SRGB:
            return 4;
        case Format::R16_Float:
            return 2;
        case Format::R16G16B16A16_Float:
            return 8;
        case Format::R32_Float:
            return 4;
        case Format::R32G32_Float:
            return 8;
        case Format::R32G32B32_Float:
            return 12;
        case Format::R32G32B32A32_Float:
            return 16;
        default:
            return 0;
    }
}

TextureType ResolveTextureType(uint32_t rawType) {
    return static_cast<TextureType>(rawType);
}

uint16_t ResolveDepthOrArraySize(const TextureDesc& desc, TextureType textureType) {
    switch (textureType) {
        case TextureType::Texture3D:
            return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max<uint32_t>(desc.depth, 1));
        case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
            return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max<uint32_t>(desc.arraySize, 1));
        case TextureType::TextureCube:
        case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
            return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max<uint32_t>(desc.arraySize, 6));
        default:
            return 1;
    }
}

std::string ShaderModelToString(D3D_SHADER_MODEL shaderModel) {
    switch (shaderModel) {
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_7: return "6.7";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_6: return "6.6";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_5: return "6.5";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_4: return "6.4";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_3: return "6.3";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_2: return "6.2";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_1: return "6.1";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_0: return "6.0";
        case D3D_SHADER_MODEL_5_1: return "5.1";
        default: return {};
    }
}

D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION ResolveRTVDimension(const ResourceViewDesc& desc, TextureType textureType) {
    switch (desc.dimension) {
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture1D:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture1DArray:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1DARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DArray:
        case ResourceViewDimension::TextureCube:
        case ResourceViewDimension::TextureCubeArray:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture3D:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DMS:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMS;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DMSArray:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMSARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Unknown:
            break;
        default:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    }

    switch (textureType) {
        case TextureType::Texture1D:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D;
        case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
        case TextureType::TextureCube:
        case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
        case TextureType::Texture3D:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
        default:
            return D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    }
}

D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION ResolveSRVDimension(const ResourceViewDesc& desc, TextureType textureType) {
    switch (desc.dimension) {
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture1D:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture1DArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1DARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture3D:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
        case ResourceViewDimension::TextureCube:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBE;
        case ResourceViewDimension::TextureCubeArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBEARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DMS:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMS;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Texture2DMSArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMSARRAY;
        case ResourceViewDimension::Unknown:
            break;
        default:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    }

    switch (textureType) {
        case TextureType::Texture1D:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D;
        case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
        case TextureType::Texture3D:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
        case TextureType::TextureCube:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBE;
        case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBEARRAY;
        default:
            return D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    }
}

bool IsDepthFormat(Format format) {
    return format == Format::D16_UNorm ||
           format == Format::D24_UNorm_S8_UInt ||
           format == Format::D32_Float;
}

DXGI_FORMAT ResolveD3D12ResourceFormat(Format format) {
    switch (format) {
        case Format::D16_UNorm:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS;
        case Format::D24_UNorm_S8_UInt:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R24G8_TYPELESS;
        case Format::D32_Float:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS;
        default:
            return ToD3D12(format);
    }
}

DXGI_FORMAT ResolveD3D12DepthStencilViewFormat(Format format) {
    switch (format) {
        case Format::D16_UNorm:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM;
        case Format::D24_UNorm_S8_UInt:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
        case Format::D32_Float:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
        default:
            return ToD3D12(format);
    }
}

DXGI_FORMAT ResolveD3D12ShaderResourceViewFormat(Format format) {
    switch (format) {
        case Format::D16_UNorm:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM;
        case Format::D24_UNorm_S8_UInt:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R24_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS;
        case Format::D32_Float:
            return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT;
        default:
            return ToD3D12(format);
    }
}

bool IsSupportedBufferViewDimension(ResourceViewDimension dimension) {
    return dimension == ResourceViewDimension::Buffer ||
           dimension == ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer ||
           dimension == ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer;
}

uint64_t GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() {
    using Clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
    static const Clock::time_point s_start = Clock::now();
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
        Clock::now() - s_start).count());
}

bool ShouldTraceLargeStorageBuffer(const BufferDesc& desc) {
    return static_cast<BufferType>(desc.bufferType) == BufferType::Storage &&
           desc.size >= 32ull * 1024ull * 1024ull;
}

void LogVolumeTraceRendering(const std::string& message) {
    Containers::String entry("[VolumeTrace] ");
    entry += message.c_str();
    Debug::Logger::Get().Info(Debug::LogCategory::Rendering, entry);
}

uint32_t ResolveBufferViewElementStride(RHIBuffer* buffer, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer) {
        return 4u;
    }

    if (desc.structureByteStride > 0) {
        return desc.structureByteStride;
    }

    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::Buffer && desc.format != 0) {
        return GetFormatBytesPerPixel(static_cast<Format>(desc.format));
    }

    return buffer != nullptr ? buffer->GetStride() : 0u;
}

bool TryResolveBufferViewFirstElement(
    RHIBuffer* buffer,
    const ResourceViewDesc& desc,
    uint32_t& outFirstElement,
    uint32_t& outElementStride) {
    outFirstElement = 0;
    outElementStride = ResolveBufferViewElementStride(buffer, desc);
    if (outElementStride == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    if ((desc.bufferLocation % outElementStride) != 0) {
        return false;
    }

    outFirstElement =
        desc.firstElement + static_cast<uint32_t>(desc.bufferLocation / outElementStride);
    return true;
}

bool TryResolveBufferViewElementCount(
    RHIBuffer* buffer,
    const ResourceViewDesc& desc,
    uint32_t elementStride,
    uint32_t firstElement,
    uint32_t& outElementCount) {
    outElementCount = 0;
    if (desc.elementCount > 0) {
        outElementCount = desc.elementCount;
        return true;
    }

    if (buffer == nullptr || elementStride == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    const uint64_t byteOffset = static_cast<uint64_t>(firstElement) * elementStride;
    if (byteOffset >= buffer->GetSize()) {
        return false;
    }

    outElementCount = static_cast<uint32_t>((buffer->GetSize() - byteOffset) / elementStride);
    return outElementCount > 0;
}

DXGI_FORMAT ResolveD3D12BufferViewFormat(const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer) {
        return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS;
    }

    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer) {
        return DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
    }

    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::Buffer && desc.format != 0) {
        return ToD3D12(static_cast<Format>(desc.format));
    }

    return DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
}

} // namespace

D3D12Device::D3D12Device()
    : m_isDeviceRemoved(false)
    , m_initialized(false)
{
}

D3D12Device::~D3D12Device() {
    Shutdown();
}

bool D3D12Device::Initialize(const RHIDeviceDesc& desc) {
    if (m_initialized) {
        return true;
    }

    m_deviceDesc = desc;

    if (!CreateDXGIFactory(desc.enableDebugLayer)) {
        return false;
    }

    ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> adapter;
    int adapterIndex = desc.adapterIndex;
    bool adapterFound = false;

    while (m_factory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &adapter) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
        DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1 descAdapter;
        adapter->GetDesc1(&descAdapter);

        if (descAdapter.Flags & DXGI_ADAPTER_FLAG_SOFTWARE) {
            adapterIndex++;
            continue;
        }

        HRESULT hr = D3D12CreateDevice(adapter.Get(), D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, __uuidof(ID3D12Device), nullptr);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            adapterFound = true;
            m_adapter = adapter;
            break;
        }
        adapterIndex++;
    }

    if (!adapterFound) {
        return false;
    }

    if (!CreateDevice(m_adapter.Get())) {
        return false;
    }

    QueryAdapterInfo();
    m_initialized = true;
    return true;
}

void D3D12Device::Shutdown() {
    if (m_device) {
        m_device.Reset();
    }
    if (m_factory) {
        m_factory.Reset();
    }
    m_adapter.Reset();
    m_initialized = false;
}

bool D3D12Device::CreateDXGIFactory(bool enableDebugLayer) {
    UINT dxgiFactoryFlags = 0;

    if (enableDebugLayer) {
        ID3D12Debug* debugController = nullptr;
        if (SUCCEEDED(D3D12GetDebugInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&debugController)))) {
            debugController->EnableDebugLayer();
            dxgiFactoryFlags |= DXGI_CREATE_FACTORY_DEBUG;
            debugController->Release();
        }
    }

    HRESULT hr = CreateDXGIFactory2(dxgiFactoryFlags, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_factory));
    return SUCCEEDED(hr);
}

bool D3D12Device::CreateDevice(IDXGIAdapter1* adapter) {
    OutputDebugStringA("[DEBUG] CreateDevice: start\n");
    HRESULT hr = D3D12CreateDevice(adapter, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_device));
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        char buf[256];
        sprintf(buf, "[DEBUG] CreateDevice: D3D12CreateDevice failed! hr=%08X\n", hr);
        OutputDebugStringA(buf);
    }
    return SUCCEEDED(hr);
}

void D3D12Device::QueryAdapterInfo() {
    if (!m_adapter) {
        return;
    }

    DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1 desc;
    m_adapter->GetDesc1(&desc);

    m_adapterInfo.vendorId = desc.VendorId;
    m_adapterInfo.deviceId = desc.DeviceId;
    m_adapterInfo.dedicatedVideoMemory = desc.DedicatedVideoMemory;
    m_adapterInfo.dedicatedSystemMemory = desc.DedicatedSystemMemory;
    m_adapterInfo.sharedSystemMemory = desc.SharedSystemMemory;
    m_adapterInfo.description = desc.Description;
    m_adapterInfo.isSoftware = (desc.Flags & DXGI_ADAPTER_FLAG_SOFTWARE) != 0;

    m_deviceInfo.description = desc.Description;
    m_deviceInfo.vendorId = desc.VendorId;
    m_deviceInfo.deviceId = desc.DeviceId;
    m_deviceInfo.dedicatedVideoMemory = desc.DedicatedVideoMemory;
    m_deviceInfo.dedicatedSystemMemory = desc.DedicatedSystemMemory;
    m_deviceInfo.sharedSystemMemory = desc.SharedSystemMemory;
    m_deviceInfo.isSoftware = (desc.Flags & DXGI_ADAPTER_FLAG_SOFTWARE) != 0;
    
    switch (desc.VendorId) {
        case 0x10DE: m_deviceInfo.vendor = L"NVIDIA"; break;
        case 0x1002: m_deviceInfo.vendor = L"AMD"; break;
        case 0x8086: m_deviceInfo.vendor = L"Intel"; break;
        default: m_deviceInfo.vendor = L"Unknown"; break;
    }
    m_deviceInfo.renderer = desc.Description;

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS5 options5 = {};
    if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_D3D12_OPTIONS5, &options5, sizeof(options5)))) {
        m_capabilities.bSupportsRayTracing = options5.RaytracingTier != D3D12_RAYTRACING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS7 options7 = {};
    if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_D3D12_OPTIONS7, &options7, sizeof(options7)))) {
        m_capabilities.bSupportsMeshShaders = options7.MeshShaderTier != D3D12_MESH_SHADER_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS options = {};
    if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_D3D12_OPTIONS, &options, sizeof(options)))) {
        m_capabilities.bSupportsConservativeRasterization = options.ConservativeRasterizationTier != D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    m_capabilities.bSupportsComputeShaders = true;

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_SHADER_MODEL shaderModel = {};
    const D3D_SHADER_MODEL shaderModelCandidates[] = {
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_7,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_6,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_5,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_4,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_3,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_2,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_1,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_6_0,
        D3D_SHADER_MODEL_5_1
    };
    for (D3D_SHADER_MODEL candidate : shaderModelCandidates) {
        shaderModel.HighestShaderModel = candidate;
        if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_SHADER_MODEL, &shaderModel, sizeof(shaderModel)))) {
            m_capabilities.shaderModel = ShaderModelToString(shaderModel.HighestShaderModel);
            break;
        }
    }

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS3 options3 = {};
    if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_D3D12_OPTIONS3, &options3, sizeof(options3)))) {
    }

    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS4 options4 = {};
    if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_D3D12_OPTIONS4, &options4, sizeof(options4)))) {
    }

    m_capabilities.maxRenderTargets = 8;
    m_capabilities.maxViewports = 16;
    m_capabilities.maxVertexAttribs = 8;
    m_capabilities.maxColorAttachments = 8;
    m_capabilities.maxConstantBufferSize = D3D12_REQ_CONSTANT_BUFFER_ELEMENT_COUNT * 16;
    m_capabilities.maxAnisotropy = D3D12_MAX_MAXANISOTROPY;
    m_capabilities.maxTexture2DSize = D3D12_REQ_TEXTURE2D_U_OR_V_DIMENSION;
    m_capabilities.maxTexture3DSize = D3D12_REQ_TEXTURE3D_U_V_OR_W_DIMENSION;
    m_capabilities.maxTextureCubeSize = D3D12_REQ_TEXTURECUBE_DIMENSION;
}

bool D3D12Device::CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE feature, void* featureSupportData, uint32_t featureSupportDataSize) {
    return SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckFeatureSupport(feature, featureSupportData, featureSupportDataSize));
}

std::vector<AdapterInfo> D3D12Device::EnumerateAdapters() {
    std::vector<AdapterInfo> adapters;

    if (!m_factory) {
        return adapters;
    }

    ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1> adapter;
    int adapterIndex = 0;

    while (m_factory->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &adapter) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
        DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1 desc;
        adapter->GetDesc1(&desc);

        AdapterInfo info;
        info.description = desc.Description;
        info.dedicatedVideoMemory = desc.DedicatedVideoMemory;
        info.dedicatedSystemMemory = desc.DedicatedSystemMemory;
        info.sharedSystemMemory = desc.SharedSystemMemory;
        info.vendorId = desc.VendorId;
        info.deviceId = desc.DeviceId;
        info.isSoftware = (desc.Flags & DXGI_ADAPTER_FLAG_SOFTWARE) != 0;

        adapters.push_back(info);
        adapterIndex++;
    }

    return adapters;
}

UINT D3D12Device::GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(DescriptorHeapType type) const {
    return m_device->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(ToD3D12(type));
}

void* D3D12Device::GetNativeHandle() const {
    return m_device.Get();
}

void* D3D12Device::GetNativeDevice() {
    return m_device.Get();
}

bool D3D12Device::ReadTexturePixelRGBA8(
    RHICommandQueue* commandQueue,
    RHITexture* texture,
    ResourceStates sourceState,
    uint32_t pixelX,
    uint32_t pixelY,
    std::array<uint8_t, 4>& outRgba) {
    outRgba = {};

    auto* d3d12Queue = static_cast<D3D12CommandQueue*>(commandQueue);
    auto* d3d12Texture = static_cast<D3D12Texture*>(texture);
    if (m_device == nullptr ||
        d3d12Queue == nullptr ||
        d3d12Texture == nullptr ||
        d3d12Texture->GetResource() == nullptr ||
        pixelX >= d3d12Texture->GetWidth() ||
        pixelY >= d3d12Texture->GetHeight()) {
        return false;
    }

    ID3D12CommandAllocator* commandAllocator = nullptr;
    if (FAILED(m_device->CreateCommandAllocator(
            D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,
            IID_PPV_ARGS(&commandAllocator)))) {
        return false;
    }

    ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* commandList = nullptr;
    if (FAILED(m_device->CreateCommandList(
            0,
            D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,
            commandAllocator,
            nullptr,
            IID_PPV_ARGS(&commandList)))) {
        commandAllocator->Release();
        return false;
    }

    constexpr UINT kRowPitch = D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PITCH_ALIGNMENT;
    D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES heapProperties = {};
    heapProperties.Type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK;

    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC readbackDesc = {};
    readbackDesc.Dimension = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER;
    readbackDesc.Width = kRowPitch;
    readbackDesc.Height = 1;
    readbackDesc.DepthOrArraySize = 1;
    readbackDesc.MipLevels = 1;
    readbackDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    readbackDesc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR;

    ID3D12Resource* readbackBuffer = nullptr;
    if (FAILED(m_device->CreateCommittedResource(
            &heapProperties,
            D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
            &readbackDesc,
            D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
            nullptr,
            IID_PPV_ARGS(&readbackBuffer)))) {
        commandList->Release();
        commandAllocator->Release();
        return false;
    }

    ID3D12Resource* sourceResource = d3d12Texture->GetResource();
    D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER barrier = {};
    barrier.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;
    barrier.Transition.pResource = sourceResource;
    barrier.Transition.StateBefore = ToD3D12(sourceState);
    barrier.Transition.StateAfter = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE;
    barrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;
    commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);

    D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION srcLocation = {};
    srcLocation.pResource = sourceResource;
    srcLocation.Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_SUBRESOURCE_INDEX;
    srcLocation.SubresourceIndex = 0;

    D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION dstLocation = {};
    dstLocation.pResource = readbackBuffer;
    dstLocation.Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_PLACED_FOOTPRINT;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Offset = 0;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Footprint.Format = sourceResource->GetDesc().Format;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Footprint.Width = 1;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Footprint.Height = 1;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Footprint.Depth = 1;
    dstLocation.PlacedFootprint.Footprint.RowPitch = kRowPitch;

    D3D12_BOX sourceBox = {};
    sourceBox.left = pixelX;
    sourceBox.top = pixelY;
    sourceBox.front = 0;
    sourceBox.right = pixelX + 1u;
    sourceBox.bottom = pixelY + 1u;
    sourceBox.back = 1;
    commandList->CopyTextureRegion(&dstLocation, 0, 0, 0, &srcLocation, &sourceBox);

    barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE;
    barrier.Transition.StateAfter = ToD3D12(sourceState);
    commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);

    if (FAILED(commandList->Close())) {
        readbackBuffer->Release();
        commandList->Release();
        commandAllocator->Release();
        return false;
    }

    ID3D12CommandList* commandLists[] = { commandList };
    d3d12Queue->GetCommandQueue()->ExecuteCommandLists(1, commandLists);
    if (!WaitForQueueIdle(m_device.Get(), d3d12Queue->GetCommandQueue())) {
        readbackBuffer->Release();
        commandList->Release();
        commandAllocator->Release();
        return false;
    }

    void* mappedData = nullptr;
    D3D12_RANGE readRange = { 0, 4 };
    if (FAILED(readbackBuffer->Map(0, &readRange, &mappedData))) {
        readbackBuffer->Release();
        commandList->Release();
        commandAllocator->Release();
        return false;
    }

    std::memcpy(outRgba.data(), mappedData, outRgba.size());
    D3D12_RANGE writeRange = { 0, 0 };
    readbackBuffer->Unmap(0, &writeRange);

    readbackBuffer->Release();
    commandList->Release();
    commandAllocator->Release();
    return true;
}

const RHICapabilities& D3D12Device::GetCapabilities() const {
    return m_capabilities;
}

const RHIDeviceInfo& D3D12Device::GetDeviceInfo() const {
    return m_deviceInfo;
}

RHIBuffer* D3D12Device::CreateBuffer(const BufferDesc& desc) {
    auto* buffer = new D3D12Buffer();
    const BufferType bufferType = static_cast<BufferType>(desc.bufferType);
    const BufferFlags bufferFlags = static_cast<BufferFlags>(desc.flags);
    D3D12_HEAP_TYPE heapType = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT;
    D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES initialState = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON;
    D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS resourceFlags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE;

    if (bufferType == BufferType::ReadBack) {
        heapType = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK;
        initialState = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST;
    } else if (bufferType == BufferType::Constant ||
               bufferType == BufferType::Vertex ||
               bufferType == BufferType::Index) {
        heapType = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD;
        initialState = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ;
    } else if (bufferType == BufferType::Storage) {
        const bool allowUnorderedAccess =
            (bufferFlags & BufferFlags::AllowUnorderedAccess) == BufferFlags::AllowUnorderedAccess;
        if (allowUnorderedAccess) {
            resourceFlags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
        } else {
            heapType = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD;
            initialState = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ;
        }
    }

    if (ShouldTraceLargeStorageBuffer(desc)) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreateBuffer legacy size_bytes=" + std::to_string(desc.size) +
            " heap=" + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(heapType)) +
            " flags=" + std::to_string(static_cast<unsigned long long>(desc.flags)));
    }

    if (buffer->Initialize(m_device.Get(), desc.size, initialState, heapType, resourceFlags)) {
        buffer->SetStride(desc.stride);
        buffer->SetBufferType(bufferType);
        buffer->SetState(ResourceStates::Common);
        return buffer;
    }
    delete buffer;
    return nullptr;
}

RHIBuffer* D3D12Device::CreateBuffer(
    const BufferDesc& desc,
    const void* initialData,
    size_t initialDataSize,
    ResourceStates finalState) {
    const bool traceLargeStorageBuffer = ShouldTraceLargeStorageBuffer(desc);
    const uint64_t traceStartMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;
    if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) begin steady_ms=" + std::to_string(traceStartMs) +
            " size_bytes=" + std::to_string(desc.size) +
            " initial_bytes=" + std::to_string(initialDataSize));
    }

    if (initialData == nullptr || initialDataSize == 0u) {
        return CreateBuffer(desc);
    }
    if (m_device == nullptr ||
        desc.size == 0u ||
        initialDataSize > desc.size ||
        desc.size > static_cast<uint64_t>(SIZE_MAX)) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) rejected invalid parameters");
        }
        return nullptr;
    }

    const BufferType bufferType = static_cast<BufferType>(desc.bufferType);
    if (bufferType == BufferType::ReadBack) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) rejected readback buffer");
        }
        return nullptr;
    }

    const BufferFlags bufferFlags = static_cast<BufferFlags>(desc.flags);
    D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS resourceFlags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE;
    if ((bufferFlags & BufferFlags::AllowUnorderedAccess) == BufferFlags::AllowUnorderedAccess) {
        resourceFlags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
    }

    D3D12CommandQueue uploadQueue;
    if (!uploadQueue.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct)) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=init_queue");
        }
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12CommandAllocator uploadAllocator;
    if (!uploadAllocator.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct)) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=init_allocator");
        }
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12CommandList uploadCommandList;
    if (!uploadCommandList.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct, uploadAllocator.GetCommandAllocator())) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=init_command_list");
        }
        uploadAllocator.Shutdown();
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto shutdownUploadContext = [&]() {
        uploadCommandList.Shutdown();
        uploadAllocator.Shutdown();
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
    };

    uploadAllocator.Reset();
    uploadCommandList.Reset();
    const uint64_t commandSetupEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    auto* buffer = new D3D12Buffer();
    if (!buffer->Initialize(
            m_device.Get(),
            desc.size,
            D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
            D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT,
            resourceFlags)) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=create_default_buffer");
        }
        delete buffer;
        shutdownUploadContext();
        return nullptr;
    }
    const uint64_t defaultBufferEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    buffer->SetStride(desc.stride);
    buffer->SetBufferType(bufferType);
    buffer->SetState(ResourceStates::CopyDst);

    D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES uploadHeapProperties = {};
    uploadHeapProperties.Type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD;
    uploadHeapProperties.CPUPageProperty = D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY_UNKNOWN;
    uploadHeapProperties.MemoryPoolPreference = D3D12_MEMORY_POOL_UNKNOWN;
    uploadHeapProperties.CreationNodeMask = 0;
    uploadHeapProperties.VisibleNodeMask = 0;

    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC uploadBufferDesc = {};
    uploadBufferDesc.Dimension = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER;
    uploadBufferDesc.Alignment = 0;
    uploadBufferDesc.Width = desc.size;
    uploadBufferDesc.Height = 1;
    uploadBufferDesc.DepthOrArraySize = 1;
    uploadBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1;
    uploadBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
    uploadBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    uploadBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    uploadBufferDesc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR;
    uploadBufferDesc.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE;

    ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> uploadBuffer;
    if (FAILED(m_device->CreateCommittedResource(
            &uploadHeapProperties,
            D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
            &uploadBufferDesc,
            D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,
            nullptr,
            IID_PPV_ARGS(&uploadBuffer)))) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=create_upload_buffer");
        }
        buffer->Shutdown();
        delete buffer;
        shutdownUploadContext();
        return nullptr;
    }
    const uint64_t uploadBufferEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    void* mappedData = nullptr;
    D3D12_RANGE readRange = { 0, 0 };
    if (FAILED(uploadBuffer->Map(0, &readRange, &mappedData)) || mappedData == nullptr) {
        if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
            LogVolumeTraceRendering("D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) failed stage=map_upload_buffer");
        }
        buffer->Shutdown();
        delete buffer;
        shutdownUploadContext();
        return nullptr;
    }

    std::memset(mappedData, 0, static_cast<size_t>(desc.size));
    std::memcpy(mappedData, initialData, initialDataSize);
    uploadBuffer->Unmap(0, nullptr);
    const uint64_t cpuFillEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* const commandList = uploadCommandList.GetCommandList();
    commandList->CopyBufferRegion(
        buffer->GetResource(),
        0,
        uploadBuffer.Get(),
        0,
        desc.size);

    const D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES resolvedFinalState = ToD3D12(finalState);
    if (resolvedFinalState != D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST) {
        D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER barrier = {};
        barrier.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;
        barrier.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE;
        barrier.Transition.pResource = buffer->GetResource();
        barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST;
        barrier.Transition.StateAfter = resolvedFinalState;
        barrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;
        commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);
    }
    const uint64_t recordCommandsEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    uploadCommandList.Close();
    ID3D12CommandList* commandLists[] = { commandList };
    uploadQueue.ExecuteCommandListsInternal(1, commandLists);
    const uint64_t submitEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;
    if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) waiting_for_idle steady_ms=" + std::to_string(submitEndMs) +
            " size_bytes=" + std::to_string(desc.size));
    }
    uploadQueue.WaitForIdle();
    const uint64_t waitEndMs = traceLargeStorageBuffer ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;

    buffer->SetState(finalState);
    if (traceLargeStorageBuffer) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreateBuffer(initialData) end steady_ms=" + std::to_string(waitEndMs) +
            " total_ms=" + std::to_string(waitEndMs - traceStartMs) +
            " setup_ms=" + std::to_string(commandSetupEndMs - traceStartMs) +
            " default_buffer_ms=" + std::to_string(defaultBufferEndMs - commandSetupEndMs) +
            " upload_buffer_ms=" + std::to_string(uploadBufferEndMs - defaultBufferEndMs) +
            " cpu_fill_ms=" + std::to_string(cpuFillEndMs - uploadBufferEndMs) +
            " record_ms=" + std::to_string(recordCommandsEndMs - cpuFillEndMs) +
            " submit_ms=" + std::to_string(submitEndMs - recordCommandsEndMs) +
            " wait_ms=" + std::to_string(waitEndMs - submitEndMs));
    }
    shutdownUploadContext();
    return buffer;
}

RHITexture* D3D12Device::CreateTexture(const TextureDesc& desc) {
    auto* texture = new D3D12Texture();
    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC d3d12Desc = {};

    const TextureType textureType = ResolveTextureType(desc.textureType);
    const Format format = static_cast<Format>(desc.format);
    const bool isDepthFormat = IsDepthFormat(format);

    d3d12Desc.Dimension = ToD3D12(textureType);
    d3d12Desc.Width = desc.width;
    d3d12Desc.Height = desc.height;
    d3d12Desc.DepthOrArraySize = ResolveDepthOrArraySize(desc, textureType);
    d3d12Desc.MipLevels = desc.mipLevels > 0 ? desc.mipLevels : 1;
    d3d12Desc.Format = ResolveD3D12ResourceFormat(format);
    d3d12Desc.SampleDesc.Count = desc.sampleCount > 0 ? desc.sampleCount : 1;
    d3d12Desc.SampleDesc.Quality = desc.sampleQuality;
    d3d12Desc.Flags = static_cast<D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS>(desc.flags);

    if (isDepthFormat) {
        d3d12Desc.Flags |= D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_DEPTH_STENCIL;
    } else if (d3d12Desc.Dimension == D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D && desc.width > 0 && desc.height > 0) {
        d3d12Desc.Flags |= D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_RENDER_TARGET;
    }
    
    d3d12Desc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN;
    const D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES initialState =
        isDepthFormat ? D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE : D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON;
    if (texture->Initialize(m_device.Get(), d3d12Desc, initialState)) {
        texture->SetFormat(format);
        texture->SetTextureType(textureType);
        if (isDepthFormat) {
            texture->SetState(ResourceStates::DepthWrite);
        }
        return texture;
    }
    delete texture;
    return nullptr;
}

RHITexture* D3D12Device::CreateTexture(const TextureDesc& desc, const void* initialData, size_t initialDataSize, uint32_t rowPitch) {
    (void)initialDataSize;

    if (initialData == nullptr) {
        return CreateTexture(desc);
    }

    const Format format = static_cast<Format>(desc.format);
    uint32_t resolvedRowPitch = rowPitch;
    if (resolvedRowPitch == 0) {
        const uint32_t bytesPerPixel = GetFormatBytesPerPixel(format);
        if (bytesPerPixel == 0) {
            return nullptr;
        }
        resolvedRowPitch = desc.width * bytesPerPixel;
    }

    D3D12CommandQueue uploadQueue;
    if (!uploadQueue.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12CommandAllocator uploadAllocator;
    if (!uploadAllocator.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct)) {
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12CommandList uploadCommandList;
    if (!uploadCommandList.Initialize(m_device.Get(), CommandQueueType::Direct, uploadAllocator.GetCommandAllocator())) {
        uploadAllocator.Shutdown();
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
        return nullptr;
    }

    uploadAllocator.Reset();
    uploadCommandList.Reset();

    auto* texture = new D3D12Texture();
    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC textureDesc = {};
    const TextureType textureType = ResolveTextureType(desc.textureType);
    textureDesc.Dimension = ToD3D12(textureType);
    textureDesc.Alignment = 0;
    textureDesc.Width = desc.width;
    textureDesc.Height = desc.height;
    textureDesc.DepthOrArraySize = ResolveDepthOrArraySize(desc, textureType);
    textureDesc.MipLevels = desc.mipLevels > 0 ? static_cast<uint16_t>(desc.mipLevels) : 1;
    textureDesc.Format = ResolveD3D12ResourceFormat(format);
    textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = desc.sampleCount > 0 ? desc.sampleCount : 1;
    textureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = desc.sampleQuality;
    textureDesc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN;
    textureDesc.Flags = static_cast<D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS>(desc.flags);
    ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> uploadBuffer;
    if (!texture->InitializeFromData(
            m_device.Get(),
            uploadCommandList.GetCommandList(),
            textureDesc,
            textureType,
            initialData,
            initialDataSize,
            resolvedRowPitch,
            &uploadBuffer)) {
        delete texture;
        uploadCommandList.Shutdown();
        uploadAllocator.Shutdown();
        uploadQueue.Shutdown();
        return nullptr;
    }

    texture->SetState(ResourceStates::PixelShaderResource);
    texture->SetFormat(format);
    texture->SetTextureType(textureType);

    uploadCommandList.Close();
    ID3D12CommandList* commandLists[] = { uploadCommandList.GetCommandList() };
    uploadQueue.ExecuteCommandListsInternal(1, commandLists);
    uploadQueue.WaitForIdle();
    uploadBuffer.Reset();

    uploadCommandList.Shutdown();
    uploadAllocator.Shutdown();
    uploadQueue.Shutdown();
    return texture;
}

RHIShader* D3D12Device::CreateShader(const ShaderCompileDesc& desc) {
    auto* shader = new D3D12Shader();
    const std::string entryPoint = NarrowAscii(desc.entryPoint);
    const std::string profile = NarrowAscii(desc.profile);
    const char* entryPointPtr = entryPoint.empty() ? nullptr : entryPoint.c_str();
    const char* profilePtr = profile.empty() ? nullptr : profile.c_str();
    
    bool success = false;
    if (!desc.source.empty()) {
        success = shader->Compile(
            desc.source.data(),
            desc.source.size(),
            desc.fileName.empty() ? nullptr : desc.fileName.c_str(),
            nullptr,
            entryPointPtr,
            profilePtr);
    } else if (!desc.fileName.empty()) {
        success = shader->CompileFromFile(desc.fileName.c_str(), entryPointPtr, profilePtr);
    }
    
    if (success) {
        return shader;
    }
    delete shader;
    return nullptr;
}

RHISampler* D3D12Device::CreateSampler(const SamplerDesc& desc) {
    auto* sampler = new D3D12Sampler();
    D3D12_SAMPLER_DESC d3d12Desc = {};
    d3d12Desc.Filter = ToD3D12(static_cast<FilterMode>(desc.filter));
    d3d12Desc.AddressU = ToD3D12(static_cast<TextureAddressMode>(desc.addressU));
    d3d12Desc.AddressV = ToD3D12(static_cast<TextureAddressMode>(desc.addressV));
    d3d12Desc.AddressW = ToD3D12(static_cast<TextureAddressMode>(desc.addressW));
    d3d12Desc.MipLODBias = desc.mipLodBias;
    d3d12Desc.MaxAnisotropy = desc.maxAnisotropy;
    d3d12Desc.ComparisonFunc = ToD3D12(static_cast<ComparisonFunc>(desc.comparisonFunc));
    d3d12Desc.BorderColor[0] = desc.borderColorR;
    d3d12Desc.BorderColor[1] = desc.borderColorG;
    d3d12Desc.BorderColor[2] = desc.borderColorB;
    d3d12Desc.BorderColor[3] = desc.borderColorA;
    d3d12Desc.MinLOD = desc.minLod;
    d3d12Desc.MaxLOD = desc.maxLod;
    if (sampler->Initialize(m_device.Get(), d3d12Desc)) {
        return sampler;
    }
    delete sampler;
    return nullptr;
}

RHIDescriptorPool* D3D12Device::CreateDescriptorPool(const DescriptorPoolDesc& desc) {
    auto* pool = new D3D12DescriptorHeap();
    DescriptorPoolDesc poolDesc = desc;
    poolDesc.device = m_device.Get();
    if (pool->Initialize(poolDesc)) {
        return pool;
    }
    delete pool;
    return nullptr;
}

RHIRenderPass* D3D12Device::CreateRenderPass(
    uint32_t colorAttachmentCount,
    const AttachmentDesc* colorAttachments,
    const AttachmentDesc* depthStencilAttachment) {
    auto* renderPass = new D3D12RenderPass();
    if (!renderPass->Initialize(colorAttachmentCount, colorAttachments, depthStencilAttachment)) {
        delete renderPass;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return renderPass;
}

RHIFramebuffer* D3D12Device::CreateFramebuffer(
    class RHIRenderPass* renderPass,
    uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
    uint32_t colorAttachmentCount,
    RHIResourceView** colorAttachments,
    RHIResourceView* depthStencilAttachment) {
    auto* framebuffer = new D3D12Framebuffer();
    if (!framebuffer->Initialize(renderPass, width, height, colorAttachmentCount, colorAttachments, depthStencilAttachment)) {
        delete framebuffer;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return framebuffer;
}

RHIDescriptorSet* D3D12Device::CreateDescriptorSet(RHIDescriptorPool* pool, const DescriptorSetLayoutDesc& layout) {
    if (pool == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    return pool->AllocateSet(layout);
}

RHIFence* D3D12Device::CreateFence(const FenceDesc& desc) {
    auto* fence = new D3D12Fence();
    if (fence->Initialize(m_device.Get(), desc.initialValue)) {
        return fence;
    }
    delete fence;
    return nullptr;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateVertexBufferView(RHIBuffer* buffer, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (!buffer) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    view->InitializeAsVertexBuffer(static_cast<D3D12Buffer*>(buffer), desc);
    if (!view->IsValid()) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateIndexBufferView(RHIBuffer* buffer, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (!buffer) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    view->InitializeAsIndexBuffer(static_cast<D3D12Buffer*>(buffer), desc);
    if (!view->IsValid()) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    return view;
}

RHISwapChain* D3D12Device::CreateSwapChain(const SwapChainDesc& desc, RHICommandQueue* presentQueue) {
    if (presentQueue == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* nativeQueue = static_cast<ID3D12CommandQueue*>(presentQueue->GetNativeHandle());
    if (nativeQueue == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* swapChain = new D3D12SwapChain();
    HWND hwnd = static_cast<HWND>(desc.windowHandle);
    if (swapChain->Initialize(m_factory.Get(), nativeQueue, hwnd,
                              desc.width, desc.height, desc.bufferCount)) {
        return swapChain;
    }
    delete swapChain;
    return nullptr;
}

RHICommandList* D3D12Device::CreateCommandList(const CommandListDesc& desc) {
    if (!m_device) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    auto allocator = std::make_unique<D3D12CommandAllocator>();
    if (!allocator->Initialize(m_device.Get(), static_cast<CommandQueueType>(desc.commandListType))) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    auto* cmdList = new D3D12CommandList();
    if (!cmdList->Initialize(m_device.Get(), static_cast<CommandQueueType>(desc.commandListType), allocator->GetCommandAllocator())) {
        delete cmdList;
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    return cmdList;
}

RHICommandQueue* D3D12Device::CreateCommandQueue(const CommandQueueDesc& desc) {
    auto* queue = new D3D12CommandQueue();
    if (queue->Initialize(m_device.Get(), static_cast<CommandQueueType>(desc.queueType))) {
        return queue;
    }
    delete queue;
    return nullptr;
}

RHIPipelineState* D3D12Device::CreatePipelineState(const GraphicsPipelineDesc& desc) {
    const bool traceVolumetricPipeline =
        ShouldTraceVolumetricShaderCompile(desc.vertexShader) ||
        ShouldTraceVolumetricShaderCompile(desc.fragmentShader) ||
        ShouldTraceVolumetricShaderCompile(desc.geometryShader);
    const uint64_t pipelineStartMs = traceVolumetricPipeline ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;
    if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreatePipelineState begin steady_ms=" + std::to_string(pipelineStartMs) +
            " has_vs=" + std::to_string(HasShaderPayload(desc.vertexShader) ? 1 : 0) +
            " has_ps=" + std::to_string(HasShaderPayload(desc.fragmentShader) ? 1 : 0) +
            " has_gs=" + std::to_string(HasShaderPayload(desc.geometryShader) ? 1 : 0));
    }

    auto* pso = new D3D12PipelineState(m_device.Get());
    pso->SetInputLayout(desc.inputLayout);
    pso->SetRasterizerState(desc.rasterizerState);
    pso->SetBlendState(desc.blendState);
    pso->SetDepthStencilState(desc.depthStencilState);
    pso->SetTopology(desc.topologyType);
    pso->SetRenderTargetFormats(desc.renderTargetCount, desc.renderTargetFormats, desc.depthStencilFormat);
    pso->SetSampleCount(desc.sampleCount);
    pso->SetSampleQuality(desc.sampleQuality);

    const bool hasVertexShader = HasShaderPayload(desc.vertexShader);
    const bool hasFragmentShader = HasShaderPayload(desc.fragmentShader);
    const bool hasGeometryShader = HasShaderPayload(desc.geometryShader);
    if (!hasVertexShader && !hasFragmentShader && !hasGeometryShader) {
        return pso;
    }

    if (!hasVertexShader || !hasFragmentShader) {
        delete pso;
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12RootSignature* rootSignature = nullptr;
    if (desc.pipelineLayout != nullptr) {
        auto* pipelineLayout = static_cast<D3D12PipelineLayout*>(desc.pipelineLayout);
        pso->SetRootSignature(pipelineLayout->GetRootSignature());
    } else {
        rootSignature = CreateRootSignature({});
        if (rootSignature == nullptr) {
            delete pso;
            return nullptr;
        }
        pso->SetRootSignature(rootSignature->GetRootSignature());
    }

    D3D12Shader vertexShader;
    D3D12Shader fragmentShader;
    D3D12Shader geometryShader;
    const bool vertexCompiled = CompileD3D12Shader(desc.vertexShader, vertexShader);
    const bool fragmentCompiled = CompileD3D12Shader(desc.fragmentShader, fragmentShader);
    const bool geometryCompiled = !hasGeometryShader || CompileD3D12Shader(desc.geometryShader, geometryShader);

    if (!vertexCompiled || !fragmentCompiled || !geometryCompiled) {
        if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
            const uint64_t failureMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
            LogVolumeTraceRendering(
                "D3D12 CreatePipelineState failed steady_ms=" + std::to_string(failureMs) +
                " total_ms=" + std::to_string(failureMs - pipelineStartMs) +
                " vertex_ok=" + std::to_string(vertexCompiled ? 1 : 0) +
                " fragment_ok=" + std::to_string(fragmentCompiled ? 1 : 0) +
                " geometry_ok=" + std::to_string(geometryCompiled ? 1 : 0));
        }
        if (rootSignature != nullptr) {
            rootSignature->Shutdown();
            delete rootSignature;
        }
        delete pso;
        return nullptr;
    }

    pso->SetShaderBytecodes(
        vertexShader.GetD3D12Bytecode(),
        fragmentShader.GetD3D12Bytecode(),
        hasGeometryShader ? geometryShader.GetD3D12Bytecode() : D3D12_SHADER_BYTECODE{});
    const uint64_t finalizeStartMs = traceVolumetricPipeline ? GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs() : 0u;
    if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreatePipelineState finalize begin steady_ms=" + std::to_string(finalizeStartMs));
    }
    pso->EnsureValid();
    if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
        const uint64_t finalizeEndMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreatePipelineState finalize end steady_ms=" + std::to_string(finalizeEndMs) +
            " total_ms=" + std::to_string(finalizeEndMs - finalizeStartMs) +
            " valid=" + std::to_string(pso->IsValid() ? 1 : 0));
    }

    if (rootSignature != nullptr) {
        rootSignature->Shutdown();
        delete rootSignature;
    }

    if (!pso->IsValid()) {
        if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
            const uint64_t failureMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
            LogVolumeTraceRendering(
                "D3D12 CreatePipelineState invalid steady_ms=" + std::to_string(failureMs) +
                " total_ms=" + std::to_string(failureMs - pipelineStartMs));
        }
        delete pso;
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (traceVolumetricPipeline) {
        const uint64_t pipelineEndMs = GetVolumeTraceSteadyMs();
        LogVolumeTraceRendering(
            "D3D12 CreatePipelineState end steady_ms=" + std::to_string(pipelineEndMs) +
            " total_ms=" + std::to_string(pipelineEndMs - pipelineStartMs));
    }
    return pso;
}

RHIPipelineLayout* D3D12Device::CreatePipelineLayout(const RHIPipelineLayoutDesc& desc) {
    auto* pipelineLayout = new D3D12PipelineLayout();
    if (!pipelineLayout->InitializeWithDevice(this, desc)) {
        delete pipelineLayout;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return pipelineLayout;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateRenderTargetView(RHITexture* texture, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (!texture) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    auto* d3d12Texture = static_cast<D3D12Texture*>(texture);
    ID3D12Resource* resource = d3d12Texture->GetResource();
    
    if (!resource) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC rtvDesc = {};
    const Format format = desc.format != 0 ? static_cast<Format>(desc.format) : texture->GetFormat();
    const TextureType textureType = texture->GetTextureType();
    rtvDesc.Format = ToD3D12(format);
    rtvDesc.ViewDimension = ResolveRTVDimension(desc, textureType);
    if (rtvDesc.ViewDimension == D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY) {
        rtvDesc.Texture2DArray.MipSlice = desc.mipLevel;
        rtvDesc.Texture2DArray.FirstArraySlice = desc.firstArraySlice;
        rtvDesc.Texture2DArray.ArraySize = desc.arraySize > 0 ? desc.arraySize : 1;
        rtvDesc.Texture2DArray.PlaneSlice = desc.planeSlice;
    } else if (rtvDesc.ViewDimension == D3D12_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D) {
        rtvDesc.Texture3D.MipSlice = desc.mipLevel;
        rtvDesc.Texture3D.FirstWSlice = desc.firstArraySlice;
        rtvDesc.Texture3D.WSize = desc.arraySize > 0 ? desc.arraySize : 1;
    } else {
        rtvDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = desc.mipLevel;
        rtvDesc.Texture2D.PlaneSlice = desc.planeSlice;
    }

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::RTV, 1, false)) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->InitializeAsRenderTarget(m_device.Get(), resource, &rtvDesc, heap.get(), 0);
    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    
    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateDepthStencilView(RHITexture* texture, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    auto* d3d12Texture = static_cast<D3D12Texture*>(texture);
    ID3D12Resource* resource = d3d12Texture->GetResource();

    D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC dsvDesc = {};
    const Format format = desc.format != 0 ? static_cast<Format>(desc.format) : texture->GetFormat();
    dsvDesc.Format = ResolveD3D12DepthStencilViewFormat(format);
    dsvDesc.ViewDimension = D3D12_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::DSV, 1, false)) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->InitializeAsDepthStencil(m_device.Get(), resource, &dsvDesc, heap.get(), 0);
    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateShaderResourceView(RHIBuffer* buffer, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (buffer == nullptr || m_device == nullptr || !IsSupportedBufferViewDimension(desc.dimension)) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::Buffer && desc.format == 0) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    uint32_t firstElement = 0;
    uint32_t elementStride = 0;
    if (!TryResolveBufferViewFirstElement(buffer, desc, firstElement, elementStride)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    uint32_t elementCount = 0;
    if (!TryResolveBufferViewElementCount(buffer, desc, elementStride, firstElement, elementCount)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvDesc = {};
    srvDesc.Format = ResolveD3D12BufferViewFormat(desc);
    srvDesc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_BUFFER;
    srvDesc.Shader4ComponentMapping = D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING;
    srvDesc.Buffer.FirstElement = firstElement;
    srvDesc.Buffer.NumElements = elementCount;
    srvDesc.Buffer.StructureByteStride =
        desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer ? elementStride : 0u;
    srvDesc.Buffer.Flags =
        desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer
            ? D3D12_BUFFER_SRV_FLAG_RAW
            : D3D12_BUFFER_SRV_FLAG_NONE;

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV, 1, false)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    view->InitializeAsShaderResourceBuffer(
        m_device.Get(),
        static_cast<D3D12Buffer*>(buffer),
        desc,
        &srvDesc,
        heap.get(),
        0);
    if (!view->IsValid()) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateShaderResourceView(RHITexture* texture, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    auto* d3d12Texture = static_cast<D3D12Texture*>(texture);
    ID3D12Resource* resource = d3d12Texture->GetResource();

    D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvDesc = {};
    const Format format = desc.format != 0 ? static_cast<Format>(desc.format) : texture->GetFormat();
    const TextureType textureType = texture->GetTextureType();
    srvDesc.Format = ResolveD3D12ShaderResourceViewFormat(format);
    srvDesc.ViewDimension = ResolveSRVDimension(desc, textureType);
    srvDesc.Shader4ComponentMapping = D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING;
    switch (srvDesc.ViewDimension) {
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D:
            srvDesc.Texture1D.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.Texture1D.MipLevels = 1;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1DARRAY:
            srvDesc.Texture1DArray.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.Texture1DArray.MipLevels = 1;
            srvDesc.Texture1DArray.FirstArraySlice = desc.firstArraySlice;
            srvDesc.Texture1DArray.ArraySize = desc.arraySize > 0 ? desc.arraySize : 1;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY:
            srvDesc.Texture2DArray.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.Texture2DArray.MipLevels = 1;
            srvDesc.Texture2DArray.FirstArraySlice = desc.firstArraySlice;
            srvDesc.Texture2DArray.ArraySize = desc.arraySize > 0 ? desc.arraySize : 1;
            srvDesc.Texture2DArray.PlaneSlice = desc.planeSlice;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D:
            srvDesc.Texture3D.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.Texture3D.MipLevels = 1;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBE:
            srvDesc.TextureCube.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.TextureCube.MipLevels = 1;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBEARRAY:
            srvDesc.TextureCubeArray.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.TextureCubeArray.MipLevels = 1;
            srvDesc.TextureCubeArray.First2DArrayFace = desc.firstArraySlice;
            srvDesc.TextureCubeArray.NumCubes = desc.arraySize > 0 ? std::max<uint32_t>(desc.arraySize / 6u, 1u) : 1u;
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMS:
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DMSARRAY:
            break;
        case D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D:
        default:
            srvDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = desc.mipLevel;
            srvDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
            srvDesc.Texture2D.PlaneSlice = desc.planeSlice;
            break;
    }

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV, 1, false)) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->InitializeAsShaderResource(m_device.Get(), resource, &srvDesc, heap.get(), 0);
    if (IsDepthFormat(format)) {
        view->SetFormat(format);
    }
    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    
    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateUnorderedAccessView(RHIBuffer* buffer, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    if (buffer == nullptr || m_device == nullptr || !IsSupportedBufferViewDimension(desc.dimension)) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    if (desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::Buffer && desc.format == 0) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    uint32_t firstElement = 0;
    uint32_t elementStride = 0;
    if (!TryResolveBufferViewFirstElement(buffer, desc, firstElement, elementStride)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    uint32_t elementCount = 0;
    if (!TryResolveBufferViewElementCount(buffer, desc, elementStride, firstElement, elementCount)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    D3D12_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC uavDesc = {};
    uavDesc.Format = ResolveD3D12BufferViewFormat(desc);
    uavDesc.ViewDimension = D3D12_UAV_DIMENSION_BUFFER;
    uavDesc.Buffer.FirstElement = firstElement;
    uavDesc.Buffer.NumElements = elementCount;
    uavDesc.Buffer.StructureByteStride =
        desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer ? elementStride : 0u;
    uavDesc.Buffer.Flags =
        desc.dimension == ResourceViewDimension::RawBuffer
            ? D3D12_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_RAW
            : D3D12_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_NONE;

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV, 1, false)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    view->InitializeAsUnorderedAccessBuffer(
        m_device.Get(),
        static_cast<D3D12Buffer*>(buffer),
        desc,
        &uavDesc,
        heap.get(),
        0);
    if (!view->IsValid()) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    return view;
}

RHIResourceView* D3D12Device::CreateUnorderedAccessView(RHITexture* texture, const ResourceViewDesc& desc) {
    auto* view = new D3D12ResourceView();
    auto* d3d12Texture = static_cast<D3D12Texture*>(texture);
    ID3D12Resource* resource = d3d12Texture->GetResource();

    D3D12_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC uavDesc = {};
    uavDesc.Format = static_cast<DXGI_FORMAT>(desc.format);
    uavDesc.ViewDimension = D3D12_UAV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;

    auto heap = std::make_unique<D3D12DescriptorHeap>();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), DescriptorHeapType::CBV_SRV_UAV, 1, false)) {
        delete view;
        return nullptr;
    }

    view->InitializeAsUnorderedAccess(m_device.Get(), resource, &uavDesc, heap.get(), 0);
    view->SetOwnedHeap(std::move(heap));
    return view;
}

D3D12DescriptorHeap* D3D12Device::CreateDescriptorHeap(const DescriptorHeapDesc& desc) {
    auto* heap = new D3D12DescriptorHeap();
    if (!heap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), 
                          static_cast<DescriptorHeapType>(desc.heapType), 
                          desc.descriptorCount, 
                          desc.shaderVisible)) {
        delete heap;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return heap;
}

D3D12QueryHeap* D3D12Device::CreateQueryHeap(const QueryHeapDesc& desc) {
    auto* queryHeap = new D3D12QueryHeap();
    if (!queryHeap->Initialize(m_device.Get(), static_cast<QueryType>(desc.queryType), desc.count)) {
        delete queryHeap;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return queryHeap;
}

D3D12RootSignature* D3D12Device::CreateRootSignature(const RootSignatureDesc& desc) {
    auto* rootSig = new D3D12RootSignature();
    
    D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSigDesc = {};
    rootSigDesc.NumParameters = 0;
    rootSigDesc.NumStaticSamplers = 0;
    rootSigDesc.Flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT;
    
    if (!rootSig->Initialize(m_device.Get(), rootSigDesc)) {
        delete rootSig;
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    return rootSig;
}

D3D12CommandQueue* D3D12Device::CreateCommandQueueImpl(const CommandQueueDesc& desc) {
    return nullptr;
}

D3D12CommandList* D3D12Device::CreateCommandListImpl(const CommandListDesc& desc) {
    return nullptr;
}

} // namespace RHI
} // namespace XCEngine