diff --git a/RHI模块测试重构.md b/RHI模块测试重构.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f7607da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/RHI模块测试重构.md
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+# RHI 模块单元测试重构计划
+
+## 1. 项目背景
+
+本文档分析 XCEngine RHI（渲染硬件抽象层）模块的三个单元测试层次的覆盖度和质量问题，并提出重构建议。
+
+### 1.1 测试层次结构
+
+| 层次 | 位置 | 测试数量 | 特点 |
+|------|------|----------|------|
+| **RHI 抽象层** | `tests/RHI/unit/` | 75 tests × 2 backends = 150 | 参数化测试，跨 D3D12/OpenGL |
+| **D3D12 后端** | `tests/RHI/D3D12/unit/` | ~58 tests | 非参数化，直接测试 D3D12 API |
+| **OpenGL 后端** | `tests/RHI/OpenGL/unit/` | ~58 tests | 非参数化，直接测试 OpenGL API |
+
+### 1.2 当前测试文件分布
+
+#### RHI 抽象层 (`tests/RHI/unit/`)
+
+| 文件 | 测试数 | 测试类 |
+|------|--------|--------|
+| `test_device.cpp` | 8 | RHIDevice |
+| `test_buffer.cpp` | 8 | RHIBuffer |
+| `test_texture.cpp` | 5 | RHITexture |
+| `test_swap_chain.cpp` | 4 | RHISwapChain |
+| `test_command_list.cpp` | 14 | RHICommandList |
+| `test_command_queue.cpp` | 6 | RHICommandQueue |
+| `test_shader.cpp` | 9 | RHIShader |
+| `test_fence.cpp` | 10 | RHIFence |
+| `test_sampler.cpp` | 4 | RHISampler |
+| `test_factory.cpp` | 5 | RHIFactory |
+
+#### D3D12 后端 (`tests/RHI/D3D12/unit/`)
+
+| 文件 | 测试数 | 测试类/功能 |
+|------|--------|-------------|
+| `test_device.cpp` | 6 | D3D12Device |
+| `test_fence.cpp` | 9 | D3D12Fence |
+| `test_command_queue.cpp` | 2 | D3D12CommandQueue |
+| `test_command_allocator.cpp` | 3 | D3D12CommandAllocator |
+| `test_command_list.cpp` | 2 | D3D12CommandList |
+| `test_buffer.cpp` | 6 | D3D12Buffer |
+| `test_texture.cpp` | 4 | D3D12Texture |
+| `test_descriptor_heap.cpp` | 9 | D3D12DescriptorHeap |
+| `test_shader.cpp` | 3 | D3D12Shader (trivial) |
+| `test_root_signature.cpp` | 2 | D3D12RootSignature |
+| `test_pipeline_state.cpp` | 2 | D3D12 PSO (trivial) |
+| `test_views.cpp` | 4 | RTV/DSV/CBV |
+| `test_swap_chain.cpp` | 5 | D3D12SwapChain |
+
+#### OpenGL 后端 (`tests/RHI/OpenGL/unit/`)
+
+| 文件 | 测试数 | 测试类/功能 |
+|------|--------|-------------|
+| `test_device.cpp` | 2 | OpenGLDevice |
+| `test_buffer.cpp` | 6 | OpenGLBuffer |
+| `test_fence.cpp` | 8 | OpenGLFence |
+| `test_texture.cpp` | 5 | OpenGLTexture |
+| `test_shader.cpp` | 4 | OpenGLShader |
+| `test_pipeline_state.cpp` | 3 | OpenGLPipelineState |
+| `test_vertex_array.cpp` | 5 | OpenGLVertexArray |
+| `test_command_list.cpp` | 9 | OpenGLCommandList |
+| `test_render_target_view.cpp` | 4 | OpenGLRenderTargetView |
+| `test_depth_stencil_view.cpp` | 4 | OpenGLDepthStencilView |
+| `test_swap_chain.cpp` | 3 | OpenGLSwapChain |
+| `test_sampler.cpp` | 4 | OpenGLSampler |
+
+---
+
+## 2. 严重问题（P0 - 必须修复）
+
+### 2.1 `tests/RHI/unit/test_shader.cpp` - 9个测试完全相同
+
+**严重程度**: 🔴 致命
+
+**问题描述**:
+
+所有 9 个 Shader 测试逻辑完全相同，都只测试空描述符返回 nullptr：
+
+```cpp
+// 文件: tests/RHI/unit/test_shader.cpp
+
+// 9个测试全部是这种结构
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Compile_EmptyDesc_ReturnsNullptr) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader({});  // 空描述符
+    EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr);  // 期望返回nullptr
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_GetType_WithNullShader) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader({});  // 空描述符
+    EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr);  // 期望返回nullptr - 与上面完全相同！
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_IsValid_WithNullShader) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader({});
+    EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr);  // 与上面完全相同！
+}
+// ... 剩下的6个测试也是同样的模式
+```
+
+**影响**:
+
+- Shader 模块完全没有真实功能测试
+- Shader 编译、绑定、uniform 设置等功能完全未覆盖
+- 这 9 个测试等效于只有 1 个测试
+
+**修复建议**:
+
+```cpp
+// 1. 保留错误处理测试 (1-2个)
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Compile_EmptyDesc_ReturnsNullptr) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader({});
+    EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr);
+}
+
+// 2. 添加真实 shader 编译测试 (新增)
+// 注意: 需要 shader 文件或内嵌 GLSL/HLSL 源码
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Compile_ValidShader) {
+    ShaderCompileDesc desc = {};
+    desc.entryPoint = "main";
+    desc.shaderType = ShaderType::Vertex;
+    // 需要实际的 shader 源码或文件路径
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader(desc);
+    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);
+    shader->Shutdown();
+    delete shader;
+}
+
+// 3. 添加 shader 绑定测试 (新增)
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Bind_ValidShader) {
+    // 编译 shader 后绑定
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader(validDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);
+    
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList({});
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    cmdList->SetShader(shader);
+    cmdList->Close();
+    
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    delete cmdList;
+    shader->Shutdown();
+    delete shader;
+}
+
+// 4. 添加 uniform 设置测试 (新增)
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_SetUniform_Int) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader(validDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);
+    
+    shader->SetInt("uniformName", 42);
+    shader->Shutdown();
+    delete shader;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_SetUniform_Float) {
+    // ...
+}
+
+// 5. 添加 GetNativeHandle 测试 (保留一个)
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_GetNativeHandle_ValidShader) {
+    RHIShader* shader = GetDevice()->CompileShader(validDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(shader, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(shader->GetNativeHandle(), nullptr);
+    shader->Shutdown();
+    delete shader;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 2.2 关键 RHI 抽象类完全没有测试
+
+**严重程度**: 🔴 致命
+
+**问题描述**:
+
+以下 RHI 抽象类在 `tests/RHI/unit/` 中完全没有测试：
+
+| 类 | 说明 | 影响 |
+|----|------|------|
+| `RHIPipelineState` | 管线状态对象 | 无法验证 PSO 创建、配置、绑定 |
+| `RHIPipelineLayout` | 管线布局 | 无法验证 descriptor layout |
+| `RHIDescriptorPool` | 描述符池 | Descriptor 管理完全未覆盖 |
+| `RHIDescriptorSet` | 描述符集 | 无法验证 descriptor 更新 |
+| `RHIRenderPass` | 渲染通道 | RenderPass API 完全未覆盖 |
+| `RHIFramebuffer` | 帧缓冲 | Framebuffer API 完全未覆盖 |
+
+**修复建议 - 新增 `test_pipeline_state.cpp`**:
+
+```cpp
+// 文件: tests/RHI/unit/test_pipeline_state.cpp
+#include "fixtures/RHITestFixture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIPipelineState.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIDevice.h"
+
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI;
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_Create) {
+    GraphicsPipelineDesc desc = {};
+    // 配置基本描述符
+    RHIPipelineState* pso = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineState(desc);
+    ASSERT_NE(pso, nullptr);
+    pso->Shutdown();
+    delete pso;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_SetGet_RasterizerState) {
+    GraphicsPipelineDesc desc = {};
+    RHIPipelineState* pso = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineState(desc);
+    ASSERT_NE(pso, nullptr);
+    
+    RasterizerDesc rasterizer = {};
+    rasterizer.cullMode = CullMode::Back;
+    pso->SetRasterizerState(rasterizer);
+    
+    EXPECT_EQ(pso->GetRasterizerState().cullMode, CullMode::Back);
+    pso->Shutdown();
+    delete pso;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_SetGet_BlendState) {
+    // ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_SetGet_DepthStencilState) {
+    // ...
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_Finalize) {
+    GraphicsPipelineDesc desc = {};
+    RHIPipelineState* pso = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineState(desc);
+    ASSERT_NE(pso, nullptr);
+    
+    bool finalized = pso->Finalize();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(finalized);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pso->IsFinalized());
+    
+    pso->Shutdown();
+    delete pso;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, PipelineState_Bind_Unbind) {
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+**修复建议 - 新增 `test_render_pass.cpp`**:
+
+```cpp
+// 文件: tests/RHI/unit/test_render_pass.cpp
+#include "fixtures/RHITestFixture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIRenderPass.h"
+
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI;
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, RenderPass_Create) {
+    AttachmentDesc colorAttachment = {};
+    colorAttachment.format = Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm;
+    colorAttachment.loadOp = LoadAction::Clear;
+    colorAttachment.storeOp = StoreAction::Store;
+    
+    RHIRenderPass* renderPass = GetDevice()->CreateRenderPass(1, &colorAttachment, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(renderPass, nullptr);
+    
+    EXPECT_EQ(renderPass->GetColorAttachmentCount(), 1);
+    renderPass->Shutdown();
+    delete renderPass;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, RenderPass_BeginEnd) {
+    // 需要先创建 framebuffer
+    // cmdList->BeginRenderPass(renderPass, framebuffer, ...);
+    // cmdList->EndRenderPass();
+}
+```
+
+**修复建议 - 新增 `test_framebuffer.cpp`**:
+
+```cpp
+// 文件: tests/RHI/unit/test_framebuffer.cpp
+#include "fixtures/RHITestFixture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIFramebuffer.h"
+
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI;
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Framebuffer_Create) {
+    // 先创建 renderPass 和 texture
+    RHIRenderPass* renderPass = ...;
+    RHITexture* texture = ...;
+    RHIResourceView* rtv = GetDevice()->CreateRenderTargetView(texture, {});
+    
+    RHIFramebuffer* fb = GetDevice()->CreateFramebuffer(renderPass, 1, &rtv, nullptr, 256, 256);
+    ASSERT_NE(fb, nullptr);
+    
+    EXPECT_EQ(fb->GetWidth(), 256);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fb->GetHeight(), 256);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fb->IsValid());
+    
+    fb->Shutdown();
+    delete fb;
+}
+```
+
+**修复建议 - 新增 `test_descriptor.cpp`**:
+
+```cpp
+// 文件: tests/RHI/unit/test_descriptor.cpp
+#include "fixtures/RHITestFixture.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIDescriptorPool.h"
+#include "XCEngine/RHI/RHIDescriptorSet.h"
+
+using namespace XCEngine::RHI;
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, DescriptorPool_Create) {
+    DescriptorPoolDesc desc = {};
+    desc.maxSets = 10;
+    desc.poolSize = 100;
+    
+    RHIDescriptorPool* pool = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorPool(desc);
+    ASSERT_NE(pool, nullptr);
+    pool->Shutdown();
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, DescriptorSet_Allocate_Update) {
+    // 创建 pool
+    RHIDescriptorPool* pool = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorPool(desc);
+    
+    // 创建 layout
+    DescriptorSetLayoutDesc layoutDesc = {};
+    DescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding = {};
+    binding.binding = 0;
+    binding.type = DescriptorType::CBV;
+    binding.count = 1;
+    layoutDesc.bindings = &binding;
+    layoutDesc.bindingCount = 1;
+    
+    RHIDescriptorSet* set = GetDevice()->CreateDescriptorSet(pool, layoutDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(set, nullptr);
+    
+    EXPECT_EQ(set->GetBindingCount(), 1);
+    
+    set->Shutdown();
+    pool->Shutdown();
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. 中等问题（P1 - 应该修复）
+
+### 3.1 `tests/RHI/unit/test_command_list.cpp` - 大量测试传递 nullptr
+
+**问题描述**:
+
+很多 CommandList 测试只验证调用不崩溃，不验证实际功能：
+
+```cpp
+// 这些测试传递 nullptr，无法验证真实功能
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_ClearRenderTarget) {
+    // ... 创建了 texture 但实际传递 nullptr
+    cmdList->ClearRenderTarget(static_cast<RHIResourceView*>(nullptr), color);
+    // 没有验证任何实际行为
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_TransitionBarrier) {
+    // 创建了 texture 但传递 nullptr
+    cmdList->TransitionBarrier(static_cast<RHIResourceView*>(nullptr), ...);
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetVertexBuffer_WithResourceView) {
+    // 直接传递 nullptr
+    RHIResourceView* buffer = nullptr;
+    cmdList->SetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &buffer, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+```
+
+**缺少的真实测试**:
+
+| 测试内容 | 状态 | 建议 |
+|----------|------|------|
+| 有资源的 SetVertexBuffer | ❌ | 添加 |
+| 有资源的 SetIndexBuffer | ❌ | 添加 |
+| 有资源的 ClearRenderTarget | ❌ | 添加 |
+| BeginRenderPass/EndRenderPass | ❌ | 添加 |
+| Dispatch (计算着色器) | ❌ | 添加 |
+| SetGraphicsDescriptorSets | ❌ | 添加 |
+| SetComputeDescriptorSets | ❌ | 添加 |
+
+**修复建议**:
+
+```cpp
+// 新增真实资源测试
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetVertexBuffer_WithRealBuffer) {
+    // 1. 创建 buffer
+    BufferDesc bufDesc = {};
+    bufDesc.size = 1024;
+    RHIBuffer* buffer = GetDevice()->CreateBuffer(bufDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+    
+    // 2. 创建 cmdList 并设置
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList({});
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    
+    RHIResourceView* bufferView = buffer->GetView();
+    cmdList->SetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &bufferView, nullptr, nullptr);
+    
+    cmdList->Close();
+    
+    // 3. 清理
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    buffer->Shutdown();
+    delete buffer;
+    delete cmdList;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_BeginEndRenderPass) {
+    // 1. 创建 renderPass
+    AttachmentDesc colorDesc = {};
+    colorDesc.format = Format::R8G8B8A8_UNorm;
+    RHIRenderPass* renderPass = GetDevice()->CreateRenderPass(1, &colorDesc, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(renderPass, nullptr);
+    
+    // 2. 创建 framebuffer
+    TextureDesc texDesc = {};
+    texDesc.width = 256;
+    texDesc.height = 256;
+    RHITexture* texture = GetDevice()->CreateTexture(texDesc);
+    RHIResourceView* rtv = GetDevice()->CreateRenderTargetView(texture, {});
+    
+    RHIFramebuffer* fb = GetDevice()->CreateFramebuffer(renderPass, 1, &rtv, nullptr, 256, 256);
+    
+    // 3. 测试 Begin/End
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList({});
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    
+    Rect renderArea = {0, 0, 256, 256};
+    ClearValue clearValue = {};
+    cmdList->BeginRenderPass(renderPass, fb, renderArea, 1, &clearValue);
+    cmdList->EndRenderPass();
+    
+    cmdList->Close();
+    
+    // 清理
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    fb->Shutdown();
+    delete fb;
+    delete rtv;
+    texture->Shutdown();
+    delete texture;
+    renderPass->Shutdown();
+    delete renderPass;
+}
+
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_Dispatch) {
+    // 1. 创建 compute shader
+    ShaderCompileDesc csDesc = {};
+    RHIShader* computeShader = GetDevice()->CompileShader(csDesc);
+    // ...
+    
+    // 2. 创建并设置 compute pipeline
+    RHIPipelineState* computePSO = GetDevice()->CreatePipelineState(computeDesc);
+    computePSO->SetComputeShader(computeShader);
+    computePSO->Finalize();
+    
+    // 3. 测试 Dispatch
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList({});
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    cmdList->SetPipelineState(computePSO);
+    cmdList->Dispatch(8, 8, 1);
+    cmdList->Close();
+    
+    // 清理
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    computePSO->Shutdown();
+    delete computePSO;
+    computeShader->Shutdown();
+    delete computeShader;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 3.2 D3D12 后端测试问题
+
+| 文件 | 问题 | 建议 |
+|------|------|------|
+| `test_pipeline_state.cpp` | 只测试 struct 默认值 | 添加真实 PSO 创建测试 |
+| `test_shader.cpp` | 只做字符串比较 | 添加 shader 编译测试 |
+| `test_root_signature.cpp` | 只测试空签名和 CBV | 添加复杂参数测试 |
+| `test_command_list.cpp` | 只有 2 个测试 | 补充 Reset/ClearRenderTargetView 等 |
+
+**修复建议 - `test_pipeline_state.cpp`**:
+
+```cpp
+// 当前只有 trivial 测试
+TEST_F(D3D12TestFixture, PipelineState_Get_GraphicsPipelineDescDefaults) {
+    D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
+    // 只验证 struct 默认值
+    EXPECT_EQ(psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType, ...);
+}
+
+// 应该添加
+TEST_F(D3D12TestFixture, PipelineState_Create_GraphicsPipeline) {
+    // 1. 创建 root signature
+    D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSigDesc = {};
+    D3D12RootSignature rootSig;
+    rootSig.Initialize(GetDevice()->GetDevice(), rootSigDesc);
+    
+    // 2. 创建 shader (需要 HLSL 源码或编译好的 bytecode)
+    D3D12Shader* vs = new D3D12Shader();
+    vs->CompileFromFile(L"shaders/vertex.cso");
+    
+    // 3. 创建 PSO
+    D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
+    psoDesc.pRootSignature = rootSig.GetRootSignature();
+    psoDesc.VS = vs->GetBytecode();
+    // ... 设置其他字段
+    
+    ID3D12PipelineState* d3d12PSO = nullptr;
+    HRESULT hr = GetDevice()->GetDevice()->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(
+        &psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d12PSO));
+    ASSERT_EQ(hr, S_OK);
+    
+    d3d12PSO->Release();
+    rootSig.Shutdown();
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 3.3 OpenGL 后端测试问题
+
+| 文件 | 问题 | 建议 |
+|------|------|------|
+| `test_command_list.cpp` | 缺少 SetShader/SetUniform 测试 | 添加 |
+| `test_shader.cpp` | 无 compute shader 测试 | 添加 GL_COMPUTE_SHADER |
+| 无 compute 相关测试 | 缺少 Dispatch 测试 | 添加 |
+
+**修复建议**:
+
+```cpp
+// 新增 test_compute.cpp
+TEST_F(OpenGLTestFixture, ComputeShader_Compile) {
+    const char* computeSrc = R"(
+        #version 460
+        layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 1) in;
+        void main() {
+            // compute shader
+        }
+    )";
+    
+    OpenGLShader computeShader;
+    bool compiled = computeShader.CompileCompute(computeSrc);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(compiled);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OpenGLTestFixture, CommandList_Dispatch) {
+    // 编译 compute shader
+    OpenGLShader computeShader;
+    computeShader.CompileCompute(computeSrc);
+    
+    // 创建 pipeline state
+    OpenGLPipelineState pipeline;
+    pipeline.SetComputeShader(&computeShader);
+    pipeline.Apply();
+    
+    // 测试 Dispatch
+    OpenGLCommandList cmdList;
+    cmdList.Reset();
+    cmdList.SetPipelineState(&pipeline);
+    cmdList.Dispatch(8, 8, 1);
+    cmdList.Close();
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. 测试覆盖度矩阵
+
+### 4.1 RHI 抽象层覆盖度
+
+| RHI 抽象接口 | 覆盖状态 | 备注 |
+|--------------|----------|------|
+| Device 创建/初始化 | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Buffer 创建/映射 | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Texture 创建 | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| SwapChain | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| CommandList 基础 | ⚠️ 太弱 | 大部分传递 nullptr |
+| CommandQueue | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Fence | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Sampler | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Shader 编译 | ❌ 无效 | 9个测试完全相同 |
+| **PipelineState** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **PipelineLayout** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **DescriptorPool** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **DescriptorSet** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **RenderPass** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **Framebuffer** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **Compute/Dispatch** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| Resource Barriers | ⚠️ 太弱 | 传递 nullptr |
+
+### 4.2 D3D12 后端覆盖度
+
+| D3D12 特定功能 | 覆盖状态 | 备注 |
+|----------------|----------|------|
+| 设备特性检测 | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Descriptor Heap | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Command Allocator | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Fence Timeline | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| RootSignature | ⚠️ 弱 | 只测试空签名和 CBV |
+| PipelineState | ⚠️ 弱 | 只测试 struct 默认值 |
+| Shader | ⚠️ 弱 | 只做字符串比较 |
+| SwapChain | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Views (RTV/DSV) | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+
+### 4.3 OpenGL 后端覆盖度
+
+| OpenGL 特定功能 | 覆盖状态 | 备注 |
+|----------------|----------|------|
+| Buffer (VBO/IBO/UBO) | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Texture (2D/Cube) | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| VertexArray | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Shader 编译 | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| PipelineState | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Sampler | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| Fence | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| SwapChain | ✅ 已覆盖 | |
+| **Compute Shader** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| **Dispatch** | ❌ 无测试 | **必须添加** |
+| Memory Barrier | ❌ 无测试 | 可选 |
+
+---
+
+## 5. 重构优先级总结
+
+### P0 - 必须修复（影响功能验证）
+
+| 优先级 | 问题 | 工作量 | 影响 |
+|--------|------|--------|------|
+| 1 | Shader 测试重构 | 中 | 9个测试无效 |
+| 2 | 添加 PipelineState 测试 | 大 | RHI 核心组件无测试 |
+| 3 | 添加 RenderPass 测试 | 中 | 重要 API 未覆盖 |
+| 4 | 添加 Framebuffer 测试 | 中 | 重要 API 未覆盖 |
+
+### P1 - 应该修复（提高覆盖率）
+
+| 优先级 | 问题 | 工作量 | 影响 |
+|--------|------|--------|------|
+| 5 | 添加 DescriptorPool/Set 测试 | 中 | 已实现未测试 |
+| 6 | CommandList 测试增强 | 大 | 大部分传递 nullptr |
+| 7 | 添加 Compute/Dispatch 测试 | 中 | 重要功能缺失 |
+| 8 | D3D12 PSO/shader 测试增强 | 小 | 当前测试 trivial |
+
+### P2 - 可以修复（完善细节）
+
+| 优先级 | 问题 | 工作量 | 影响 |
+|--------|------|--------|------|
+| 9 | OpenGL CommandList SetShader 测试 | 小 | 缺失测试 |
+| 10 | 复杂 RootSignature 参数测试 | 小 | 当前只测试 CBV |
+| 11 | OpenGL Compute Shader 测试 | 小 | 缺失测试 |
+
+---
+
+## 6. 新增测试文件清单
+
+| 文件路径 | 测试内容 | 优先级 |
+|----------|----------|--------|
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_pipeline_state.cpp` | PipelineState 创建/配置/绑定 | P0 |
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_render_pass.cpp` | RenderPass 创建/Begin/End | P0 |
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_framebuffer.cpp` | Framebuffer 创建/绑定 | P0 |
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_descriptor.cpp` | DescriptorPool/Set 创建/更新 | P1 |
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_compute.cpp` | Compute shader/Dispatch | P1 |
+| `tests/RHI/unit/test_pipeline_layout.cpp` | PipelineLayout 创建 | P2 |
+
+---
+
+## 7. 测试质量改进建议
+
+### 7.1 测试命名规范
+
+遵循 `Component_Category_SubBehavior` 格式：
+
+```
+Good:
+- Buffer_Create_DefaultHeap
+- CommandList_SetViewport_ValidRect
+- Shader_Compile_ValidSource
+
+Bad:
+- Test1
+- BufferTest
+- test_buffer
+```
+
+### 7.2 测试结构规范
+
+每个测试应包含：
+
+```cpp
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_SetVertexBuffer_WithRealBuffer) {
+    // 1. Arrange - 准备测试数据
+    BufferDesc bufDesc = {};
+    bufDesc.size = 1024;
+    RHIBuffer* buffer = GetDevice()->CreateBuffer(bufDesc);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);  // 使用 ASSERT 防止空指针解引用
+    
+    // 2. Act - 执行被测操作
+    RHICommandList* cmdList = GetDevice()->CreateCommandList({});
+    cmdList->Reset();
+    RHIResourceView* view = buffer->GetView();
+    cmdList->SetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &view, nullptr, nullptr);
+    cmdList->Close();
+    
+    // 3. Assert - 验证结果
+    // 注意：有些测试难以直接验证结果，可以通过不崩溃来间接验证
+    
+    // 4. Cleanup - 清理资源
+    cmdList->Shutdown();
+    delete cmdList;
+    buffer->Shutdown();
+    delete buffer;
+}
+```
+
+### 7.3 避免的问题
+
+```cpp
+// 问题1: 测试逻辑完全相同
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Test1) { shader = nullptr; EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr); }
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Shader_Test2) { shader = nullptr; EXPECT_EQ(shader, nullptr); } // 相同！
+
+// 问题2: 传递 nullptr 不验证功能
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, CommandList_Test) {
+    cmdList->ClearRenderTarget(nullptr, color);  // 无意义
+}
+
+// 问题3: 不清理资源
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Buffer_Test) {
+    RHIBuffer* buffer = device->CreateBuffer(desc);
+    // 忘记 buffer->Shutdown() 和 delete buffer
+}
+
+// 问题4: 缺少 ASSERT
+TEST_P(RHITestFixture, Buffer_Test) {
+    RHIBuffer* buffer = device->CreateBuffer(desc);
+    buffer->SetData(...);  // 如果 buffer 是 nullptr 则崩溃
+    // 应该先 ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. 附录：测试执行命令
+
+```bash
+# 增量构建 RHI 测试
+cmake --build . --target rhi_unit_tests --config Debug
+cmake --build . --target rhi_d3d12_tests --config Debug
+cmake --build . --target rhi_opengl_tests --config Debug
+
+# 运行 RHI 抽象层测试 (同时验证 D3D12 和 OpenGL)
+ctest -R "^D3D12/|^OpenGL/" -C Debug --output-on-failure
+
+# 运行 D3D12 后端专用测试
+ctest -R "D3D12TestFixture|SwapChainTestFixture" -C Debug --output-on-failure
+
+# 运行 OpenGL 后端专用测试
+ctest -R "OpenGLTestFixture" -C Debug --output-on-failure
+
+# 运行所有 RHI 测试
+ctest -R "D3D12|OpenGL|RHITestFixture" -C Debug --output-on-failure
+```
+
+---
+
+**文档版本**: 1.0
+**最后更新**: 2026-03-25
+**作者**: XCEngine Team
diff --git a/RHI_Design_Issues.md b/docs/plan/used/RHI_Design_Issues.md
similarity index 100%
rename from RHI_Design_Issues.md
rename to docs/plan/used/RHI_Design_Issues.md
diff --git a/minimal.ppm b/minimal.ppm
deleted file mode 100644
index 2217d8f0..00000000
Binary files a/minimal.ppm and /dev/null differ