XCEngine/tests/Rendering/unit/test_render_scene_extractor.cpp

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <XCEngine/Components/CameraComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/GaussianSplatRendererComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/GameObject.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/LightComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/MeshFilterComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/MeshRendererComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Components/VolumeRendererComponent.h>
#include <XCEngine/Core/Asset/IResource.h>
#include <XCEngine/Core/Math/Color.h>
#include <XCEngine/Core/Math/Bounds.h>
#include <XCEngine/Core/Math/Quaternion.h>
#include <XCEngine/Core/Math/Vector3.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Builtin/BuiltinPassContract.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Materials/RenderMaterialResolve.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Materials/RenderMaterialStateUtils.h>
#include <XCEngine/Rendering/Extraction/RenderSceneExtractor.h>
#include <XCEngine/RHI/RHIBuffer.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/GaussianSplat/GaussianSplat.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Material/Material.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Mesh/Mesh.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Shader/Shader.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Texture/Texture.h>
#include <XCEngine/Resources/Volume/VolumeField.h>
#include <XCEngine/Scene/Scene.h>

#include <cstring>
#include <string>

using namespace XCEngine::Components;
using namespace XCEngine::Core;
using namespace XCEngine::Math;
using namespace XCEngine::Rendering;
using namespace XCEngine::Resources;

namespace {

class MockRenderBuffer final : public XCEngine::RHI::RHIBuffer {
public:
    explicit MockRenderBuffer(uint64_t size = 512u, uint32_t stride = 16u)
        : m_size(size)
        , m_stride(stride) {
    }

    void* Map() override { return nullptr; }
    void Unmap() override {}
    void SetData(const void*, size_t, size_t) override {}
    uint64_t GetSize() const override { return m_size; }
    XCEngine::RHI::BufferType GetBufferType() const override { return XCEngine::RHI::BufferType::Storage; }
    void SetBufferType(XCEngine::RHI::BufferType) override {}
    uint32_t GetStride() const override { return m_stride; }
    void SetStride(uint32_t stride) override { m_stride = stride; }
    void* GetNativeHandle() override { return nullptr; }
    XCEngine::RHI::ResourceStates GetState() const override { return XCEngine::RHI::ResourceStates::Common; }
    void SetState(XCEngine::RHI::ResourceStates) override {}
    const std::string& GetName() const override { return m_name; }
    void SetName(const std::string& name) override { m_name = name; }
    void Shutdown() override {}

private:
    uint64_t m_size = 0;
    uint32_t m_stride = 0;
    std::string m_name;
};

Mesh* CreateTestMesh(const char* path) {
    auto* mesh = new Mesh();
    IResource::ConstructParams params = {};
    params.name = "TestMesh";
    params.path = path;
    params.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(path);
    mesh->Initialize(params);
    return mesh;
}

Mesh* CreateSectionedTestMesh(const char* path, std::initializer_list<uint32_t> materialIds) {
    Mesh* mesh = CreateTestMesh(path);
    uint32_t startIndex = 0;
    for (uint32_t materialId : materialIds) {
        MeshSection section = {};
        section.baseVertex = 0;
        section.vertexCount = 3;
        section.startIndex = startIndex;
        section.indexCount = 3;
        section.materialID = materialId;
        mesh->AddSection(section);
        startIndex += 3;
    }

    return mesh;
}

Material* CreateTestMaterial(const char* path, int32_t renderQueue) {
    auto* material = new Material();
    IResource::ConstructParams params = {};
    params.name = "TestMaterial";
    params.path = path;
    params.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(path);
    material->Initialize(params);
    material->SetRenderQueue(renderQueue);
    return material;
}

VolumeField* CreateTestVolumeField(const char* path) {
    auto* volumeField = new VolumeField();
    IResource::ConstructParams params = {};
    params.name = "TestVolume";
    params.path = path;
    params.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(path);
    volumeField->Initialize(params);

    const unsigned char payload[8] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
    EXPECT_TRUE(volumeField->Create(
        VolumeStorageKind::NanoVDB,
        payload,
        sizeof(payload),
        Bounds(Vector3::Zero(), Vector3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f)),
        Vector3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f)));
    return volumeField;
}

GaussianSplat* CreateTestGaussianSplat(const char* path) {
    auto* gaussianSplat = new GaussianSplat();
    IResource::ConstructParams params = {};
    params.name = "TestGaussianSplat";
    params.path = path;
    params.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(path);
    gaussianSplat->Initialize(params);

    GaussianSplatMetadata metadata = {};
    metadata.splatCount = 1u;

    XCEngine::Containers::Array<GaussianSplatSection> sections;
    sections.Resize(1);
    sections[0].type = GaussianSplatSectionType::Positions;
    sections[0].format = GaussianSplatSectionFormat::VectorFloat32;
    sections[0].dataOffset = 0u;
    sections[0].dataSize = sizeof(GaussianSplatPositionRecord);
    sections[0].elementCount = 1u;
    sections[0].elementStride = sizeof(GaussianSplatPositionRecord);

    XCEngine::Containers::Array<XCEngine::Core::uint8> payload;
    payload.Resize(sizeof(GaussianSplatPositionRecord));
    const GaussianSplatPositionRecord positionRecord = { Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) };
    std::memcpy(payload.Data(), &positionRecord, sizeof(positionRecord));

    EXPECT_TRUE(gaussianSplat->CreateOwned(metadata, std::move(sections), std::move(payload)));
    return gaussianSplat;
}

Texture* CreateTestTexture(const char* path, TextureType type) {
    auto* texture = new Texture();
    IResource::ConstructParams params = {};
    params.name = path;
    params.path = path;
    params.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(path);
    texture->Initialize(params);

    const uint32 arraySize =
        (type == TextureType::TextureCube || type == TextureType::TextureCubeArray) ? 6u : 1u;
    const unsigned char pixels[6 * 4] = {
        255, 255, 255, 255,
        255, 255, 255, 255,
        255, 255, 255, 255,
        255, 255, 255, 255,
        255, 255, 255, 255,
        255, 255, 255, 255
    };
    EXPECT_TRUE(texture->Create(
        1u,
        1u,
        1u,
        1u,
        type,
        TextureFormat::RGBA8_UNORM,
        pixels,
        static_cast<size_t>(arraySize) * 4u,
        arraySize));
    return texture;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, SelectsHighestDepthPrimaryCameraAndVisibleObjects) {
    Scene scene("RenderScene");

    GameObject* cameraObjectA = scene.CreateGameObject("CameraA");
    auto* cameraA = cameraObjectA->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    cameraA->SetPrimary(true);
    cameraA->SetDepth(0.0f);

    GameObject* cameraObjectB = scene.CreateGameObject("CameraB");
    auto* cameraB = cameraObjectB->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    cameraB->SetPrimary(true);
    cameraB->SetDepth(5.0f);
    cameraObjectB->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f));

    GameObject* visibleObject = scene.CreateGameObject("VisibleQuad");
    visibleObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
    auto* meshFilter = visibleObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    visibleObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
    Mesh* visibleMesh = CreateTestMesh("Meshes/visible.mesh");
    meshFilter->SetMesh(visibleMesh);

    GameObject* hiddenObject = scene.CreateGameObject("HiddenQuad");
    hiddenObject->SetActive(false);
    auto* hiddenMeshFilter = hiddenObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    hiddenObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
    Mesh* hiddenMesh = CreateTestMesh("Meshes/hidden.mesh");
    hiddenMeshFilter->SetMesh(hiddenMesh);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 1280, 720);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.camera, cameraB);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.cameraData.viewportWidth, 1280u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.cameraData.viewportHeight, 720u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.cameraData.worldPosition, Vector3(2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f));

    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].gameObject, visibleObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].mesh, visibleMesh);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sceneData.visibleItems[0].hasSection);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));

    meshFilter->ClearMesh();
    hiddenMeshFilter->ClearMesh();
    delete visibleMesh;
    delete hiddenMesh;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, OverrideCameraTakesPriority) {
    Scene scene("OverrideScene");

    GameObject* primaryObject = scene.CreateGameObject("PrimaryCamera");
    auto* primaryCamera = primaryObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    primaryCamera->SetPrimary(true);
    primaryCamera->SetDepth(10.0f);

    GameObject* overrideObject = scene.CreateGameObject("OverrideCamera");
    auto* overrideCamera = overrideObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    overrideCamera->SetPrimary(false);
    overrideCamera->SetDepth(-1.0f);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, overrideCamera, 640, 480);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.camera, overrideCamera);
    EXPECT_NE(sceneData.camera, primaryCamera);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.cameraData.viewportWidth, 640u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.cameraData.viewportHeight, 480u);
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, ExtractsBrightestDirectionalLightAsMainLight) {
    Scene scene("LightingScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);

    GameObject* fillLightObject = scene.CreateGameObject("FillLight");
    auto* fillLight = fillLightObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    fillLight->SetLightType(LightType::Directional);
    fillLight->SetColor(Color(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
    fillLight->SetIntensity(0.5f);

    GameObject* pointLightObject = scene.CreateGameObject("PointLight");
    auto* pointLight = pointLightObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    pointLight->SetLightType(LightType::Point);
    pointLight->SetIntensity(10.0f);

    GameObject* mainLightObject = scene.CreateGameObject("MainLight");
    auto* mainLight = mainLightObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    mainLight->SetLightType(LightType::Directional);
    mainLight->SetColor(Color(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.6f, 1.0f));
    mainLight->SetIntensity(2.5f);
    mainLight->SetCastsShadows(true);
    mainLightObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalRotation(
        Quaternion::LookRotation(Vector3(-0.3f, -1.0f, -0.2f).Normalized()));

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.lighting.HasMainDirectionalLight());
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.intensity, 2.5f);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.color.r, 1.0f);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.color.g, 0.8f);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.color.b, 0.6f);
    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.castsShadows);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        sceneData.lighting.mainDirectionalLight.direction,
        mainLightObject->GetTransform()->GetForward().Normalized() * -1.0f);

    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLightCount, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[0].type, RenderLightType::Directional);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[0].intensity, 0.5f);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[1].type, RenderLightType::Point);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[1].intensity, 10.0f);
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, ExtractsAdditionalLightsWithoutMainDirectionalAndFiltersByLightCullingMask) {
    Scene scene("AdditionalLightsScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);
    camera->SetCullingMask(1u << 3);

    GameObject* hiddenSpotObject = scene.CreateGameObject("HiddenSpot");
    hiddenSpotObject->SetLayer(0);
    auto* hiddenSpot = hiddenSpotObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    hiddenSpot->SetLightType(LightType::Spot);
    hiddenSpot->SetIntensity(100.0f);
    hiddenSpot->SetRange(50.0f);
    hiddenSpot->SetSpotAngle(60.0f);
    hiddenSpotObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

    GameObject* visiblePointObject = scene.CreateGameObject("VisiblePoint");
    visiblePointObject->SetLayer(3);
    auto* visiblePoint = visiblePointObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    visiblePoint->SetLightType(LightType::Point);
    visiblePoint->SetColor(Color(0.9f, 0.2f, 0.1f, 1.0f));
    visiblePoint->SetIntensity(4.0f);
    visiblePoint->SetRange(12.0f);
    visiblePointObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f));

    GameObject* visibleSpotObject = scene.CreateGameObject("VisibleSpot");
    visibleSpotObject->SetLayer(3);
    auto* visibleSpot = visibleSpotObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
    visibleSpot->SetLightType(LightType::Spot);
    visibleSpot->SetColor(Color(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.4f, 1.0f));
    visibleSpot->SetIntensity(3.0f);
    visibleSpot->SetRange(8.0f);
    visibleSpot->SetSpotAngle(48.0f);
    visibleSpotObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));
    visibleSpotObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalRotation(
        Quaternion::LookRotation(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)));

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    EXPECT_FALSE(sceneData.lighting.HasMainDirectionalLight());
    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.lighting.HasAdditionalLights());
    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLightCount, 2u);

    const RenderAdditionalLightData& spotLight = sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[0];
    EXPECT_EQ(spotLight.type, RenderLightType::Spot);
    EXPECT_EQ(spotLight.color.g, 0.8f);
    EXPECT_EQ(spotLight.position, Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));
    EXPECT_EQ(spotLight.direction, Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(spotLight.range, 8.0f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(spotLight.spotAngle, 48.0f);

    const RenderAdditionalLightData& pointLightData = sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[1];
    EXPECT_EQ(pointLightData.type, RenderLightType::Point);
    EXPECT_EQ(pointLightData.color.r, 0.9f);
    EXPECT_EQ(pointLightData.position, Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(pointLightData.range, 12.0f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(pointLightData.spotAngle, 0.0f);
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, LimitsAdditionalLightsToBoundedCountUsingStableTieBreakOrder) {
    Scene scene("AdditionalLightCapScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);

    for (uint32_t index = 0; index < RenderLightingData::kMaxAdditionalLightCount + 2u; ++index) {
        GameObject* lightObject = scene.CreateGameObject("PointLight" + std::to_string(index));
        auto* light = lightObject->AddComponent<LightComponent>();
        light->SetLightType(LightType::Point);
        light->SetIntensity(1.0f);
        light->SetRange(16.0f);
        light->SetColor(Color(static_cast<float>(index), 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
        lightObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f));
    }

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_FALSE(sceneData.lighting.HasMainDirectionalLight());
    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLightCount, RenderLightingData::kMaxAdditionalLightCount);
    for (uint32_t index = 0; index < RenderLightingData::kMaxAdditionalLightCount; ++index) {
        EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[index].type, RenderLightType::Point);
        EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(sceneData.lighting.additionalLights[index].color.r, static_cast<float>(index));
    }
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, FiltersVisibleItemsByCameraCullingMask) {
    Scene scene("CullingMaskScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);
    camera->SetCullingMask(1u << 5);

    GameObject* visibleObject = scene.CreateGameObject("VisibleLayer5");
    visibleObject->SetLayer(5);
    auto* visibleMeshFilter = visibleObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    visibleObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
    Mesh* visibleMesh = CreateTestMesh("Meshes/layer5.mesh");
    visibleMeshFilter->SetMesh(visibleMesh);

    GameObject* hiddenObject = scene.CreateGameObject("HiddenLayer0");
    hiddenObject->SetLayer(0);
    auto* hiddenMeshFilter = hiddenObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    hiddenObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
    Mesh* hiddenMesh = CreateTestMesh("Meshes/layer0.mesh");
    hiddenMeshFilter->SetMesh(hiddenMesh);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].gameObject, visibleObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].mesh, visibleMesh);

    visibleMeshFilter->ClearMesh();
    hiddenMeshFilter->ClearMesh();
    delete visibleMesh;
    delete hiddenMesh;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, ExtractsVisibleVolumesAndSortsByRenderQueue) {
    Scene scene("VolumeScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);
    camera->SetCullingMask(1u << 0);

    GameObject* opaqueVolumeObject = scene.CreateGameObject("OpaqueVolume");
    opaqueVolumeObject->SetLayer(0);
    opaqueVolumeObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));
    auto* opaqueVolumeRenderer = opaqueVolumeObject->AddComponent<VolumeRendererComponent>();
    VolumeField* opaqueVolume = CreateTestVolumeField("Volumes/opaque.nvdb");
    Material* opaqueMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/opaque_volume.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    opaqueVolumeRenderer->SetVolumeField(opaqueVolume);
    opaqueVolumeRenderer->SetMaterial(opaqueMaterial);

    GameObject* transparentVolumeObject = scene.CreateGameObject("TransparentVolume");
    transparentVolumeObject->SetLayer(0);
    transparentVolumeObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f));
    auto* transparentVolumeRenderer = transparentVolumeObject->AddComponent<VolumeRendererComponent>();
    VolumeField* transparentVolume = CreateTestVolumeField("Volumes/transparent.nvdb");
    Material* transparentMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/transparent_volume.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    transparentVolumeRenderer->SetVolumeField(transparentVolume);
    transparentVolumeRenderer->SetMaterial(transparentMaterial);

    GameObject* hiddenVolumeObject = scene.CreateGameObject("HiddenVolume");
    hiddenVolumeObject->SetLayer(2);
    auto* hiddenVolumeRenderer = hiddenVolumeObject->AddComponent<VolumeRendererComponent>();
    VolumeField* hiddenVolume = CreateTestVolumeField("Volumes/hidden.nvdb");
    Material* hiddenMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/hidden_volume.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    hiddenVolumeRenderer->SetVolumeField(hiddenVolume);
    hiddenVolumeRenderer->SetMaterial(hiddenMaterial);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.visibleItems.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes.size(), 2u);

    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].gameObject, opaqueVolumeObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].volumeRenderer, opaqueVolumeRenderer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].volumeField, opaqueVolume);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].material, opaqueMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[0].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));

    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].gameObject, transparentVolumeObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].volumeRenderer, transparentVolumeRenderer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].volumeField, transparentVolume);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].material, transparentMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleVolumes[1].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f));

    opaqueVolumeRenderer->ClearVolumeField();
    opaqueVolumeRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    transparentVolumeRenderer->ClearVolumeField();
    transparentVolumeRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    hiddenVolumeRenderer->ClearVolumeField();
    hiddenVolumeRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    delete opaqueVolume;
    delete opaqueMaterial;
    delete transparentVolume;
    delete transparentMaterial;
    delete hiddenVolume;
    delete hiddenMaterial;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, ExtractsVisibleGaussianSplatsAndSortsByRenderQueueAndDistance) {
    Scene scene("GaussianSplatScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);
    camera->SetCullingMask(1u << 0);

    GameObject* opaqueSplatObject = scene.CreateGameObject("OpaqueGaussianSplat");
    opaqueSplatObject->SetLayer(0);
    opaqueSplatObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));
    auto* opaqueSplatRenderer = opaqueSplatObject->AddComponent<GaussianSplatRendererComponent>();
    GaussianSplat* opaqueGaussianSplat = CreateTestGaussianSplat("GaussianSplats/opaque_room.xcgsplat");
    Material* opaqueMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/opaque_gaussian_splat.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    opaqueSplatRenderer->SetGaussianSplat(opaqueGaussianSplat);
    opaqueSplatRenderer->SetMaterial(opaqueMaterial);

    GameObject* farTransparentObject = scene.CreateGameObject("FarTransparentGaussianSplat");
    farTransparentObject->SetLayer(0);
    farTransparentObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f));
    auto* farTransparentRenderer = farTransparentObject->AddComponent<GaussianSplatRendererComponent>();
    GaussianSplat* farTransparentGaussianSplat = CreateTestGaussianSplat("GaussianSplats/far_transparent_room.xcgsplat");
    Material* transparentMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/transparent_gaussian_splat.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    farTransparentRenderer->SetGaussianSplat(farTransparentGaussianSplat);
    farTransparentRenderer->SetMaterial(transparentMaterial);

    GameObject* nearTransparentObject = scene.CreateGameObject("NearTransparentGaussianSplat");
    nearTransparentObject->SetLayer(0);
    nearTransparentObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f));
    auto* nearTransparentRenderer = nearTransparentObject->AddComponent<GaussianSplatRendererComponent>();
    GaussianSplat* nearTransparentGaussianSplat = CreateTestGaussianSplat("GaussianSplats/near_transparent_room.xcgsplat");
    nearTransparentRenderer->SetGaussianSplat(nearTransparentGaussianSplat);
    nearTransparentRenderer->SetMaterial(transparentMaterial);

    GameObject* hiddenSplatObject = scene.CreateGameObject("HiddenGaussianSplat");
    hiddenSplatObject->SetLayer(2);
    auto* hiddenSplatRenderer = hiddenSplatObject->AddComponent<GaussianSplatRendererComponent>();
    GaussianSplat* hiddenGaussianSplat = CreateTestGaussianSplat("GaussianSplats/hidden_room.xcgsplat");
    Material* hiddenMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/hidden_gaussian_splat.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    hiddenSplatRenderer->SetGaussianSplat(hiddenGaussianSplat);
    hiddenSplatRenderer->SetMaterial(hiddenMaterial);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.visibleItems.empty());
    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.visibleVolumes.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats.size(), 3u);

    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].gameObject, opaqueSplatObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].gaussianSplatRenderer, opaqueSplatRenderer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].gaussianSplat, opaqueGaussianSplat);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].material, opaqueMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[0].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));

    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].gameObject, farTransparentObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].gaussianSplatRenderer, farTransparentRenderer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].gaussianSplat, farTransparentGaussianSplat);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].material, transparentMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[1].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f));

    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].gameObject, nearTransparentObject);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].gaussianSplatRenderer, nearTransparentRenderer);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].gaussianSplat, nearTransparentGaussianSplat);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].material, transparentMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleGaussianSplats[2].localToWorld.GetTranslation(), Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f));

    opaqueSplatRenderer->ClearGaussianSplat();
    opaqueSplatRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    farTransparentRenderer->ClearGaussianSplat();
    farTransparentRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    nearTransparentRenderer->ClearGaussianSplat();
    nearTransparentRenderer->ClearMaterial();
    hiddenSplatRenderer->ClearGaussianSplat();
    hiddenSplatRenderer->ClearMaterial();

    delete opaqueGaussianSplat;
    delete farTransparentGaussianSplat;
    delete nearTransparentGaussianSplat;
    delete hiddenGaussianSplat;
    delete opaqueMaterial;
    delete transparentMaterial;
    delete hiddenMaterial;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, ExtractsSectionLevelVisibleItemsAndSortsByRenderQueue) {
    Scene scene("SectionScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);

    GameObject* renderObject = scene.CreateGameObject("MultiSectionMesh");
    renderObject->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f));
    auto* meshFilter = renderObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    auto* meshRenderer = renderObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();

    Mesh* mesh = CreateSectionedTestMesh("Meshes/sectioned.mesh", { 1u, 0u });
    Material* opaqueMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/opaque.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    Material* transparentMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/transparent.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));

    meshFilter->SetMesh(mesh);
    meshRenderer->SetMaterial(0, opaqueMaterial);
    meshRenderer->SetMaterial(1, transparentMaterial);

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_TRUE(sceneData.HasCamera());
    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems.size(), 2u);

    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.visibleItems[0].hasSection);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].sectionIndex, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].materialIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].material, opaqueMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));

    EXPECT_TRUE(sceneData.visibleItems[1].hasSection);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[1].sectionIndex, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[1].materialIndex, 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[1].material, transparentMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[1].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));

    meshRenderer->ClearMaterials();
    meshFilter->ClearMesh();
    delete opaqueMaterial;
    delete transparentMaterial;
    delete mesh;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, SortsOpaqueFrontToBackAndTransparentBackToFront) {
    Scene scene("QueueSortScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);

    auto createRenderable = [&](const char* name, float z, int32_t renderQueue) -> Mesh* {
        GameObject* object = scene.CreateGameObject(name);
        object->GetTransform()->SetLocalPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, z));
        auto* meshFilter = object->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
        auto* meshRenderer = object->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
        Mesh* mesh = CreateTestMesh(name);
        Material* material = CreateTestMaterial(name, renderQueue);
        meshFilter->SetMesh(mesh);
        meshRenderer->SetMaterial(0, material);
        return mesh;
    };

    Mesh* opaqueFarMesh = createRenderable("OpaqueFar", 10.0f, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    Mesh* transparentNearMesh = createRenderable("TransparentNear", 2.0f, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    Mesh* opaqueNearMesh = createRenderable("OpaqueNear", 2.0f, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Geometry));
    Mesh* transparentFarMesh = createRenderable("TransparentFar", 10.0f, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems.size(), 4u);
    EXPECT_STREQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].gameObject->GetName().c_str(), "OpaqueNear");
    EXPECT_STREQ(sceneData.visibleItems[1].gameObject->GetName().c_str(), "OpaqueFar");
    EXPECT_STREQ(sceneData.visibleItems[2].gameObject->GetName().c_str(), "TransparentFar");
    EXPECT_STREQ(sceneData.visibleItems[3].gameObject->GetName().c_str(), "TransparentNear");

    auto cleanupObject = [](GameObject* object) {
        auto* meshFilter = object->GetComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
        auto* meshRenderer = object->GetComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
        Material* material = meshRenderer != nullptr ? meshRenderer->GetMaterial(0) : nullptr;
        if (meshRenderer != nullptr) {
            meshRenderer->ClearMaterials();
        }
        if (meshFilter != nullptr) {
            meshFilter->ClearMesh();
        }
        delete material;
    };

    cleanupObject(scene.Find("OpaqueFar"));
    cleanupObject(scene.Find("TransparentNear"));
    cleanupObject(scene.Find("OpaqueNear"));
    cleanupObject(scene.Find("TransparentFar"));

    delete opaqueFarMesh;
    delete transparentNearMesh;
    delete opaqueNearMesh;
    delete transparentFarMesh;
}

TEST(RenderSceneExtractor_Test, FallsBackToEmbeddedMeshMaterialsWhenRendererHasNoExplicitSlots) {
    Scene scene("EmbeddedMaterialScene");

    GameObject* cameraObject = scene.CreateGameObject("Camera");
    auto* camera = cameraObject->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
    camera->SetPrimary(true);

    GameObject* renderObject = scene.CreateGameObject("EmbeddedBackpack");
    auto* meshFilter = renderObject->AddComponent<MeshFilterComponent>();
    auto* meshRenderer = renderObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();

    Mesh* mesh = CreateSectionedTestMesh("Meshes/embedded.mesh", { 0u });
    Material* embeddedMaterial = CreateTestMaterial(
        "Materials/embedded.mat",
        static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    mesh->AddMaterial(embeddedMaterial);
    meshFilter->SetMesh(mesh);
    meshRenderer->ClearMaterials();

    RenderSceneExtractor extractor;
    const RenderSceneData sceneData = extractor.Extract(scene, nullptr, 800, 600);

    ASSERT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems.size(), 1u);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].material, embeddedMaterial);
    EXPECT_EQ(sceneData.visibleItems[0].renderQueue, static_cast<int32_t>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveMaterial(sceneData.visibleItems[0]), embeddedMaterial);

    meshFilter->ClearMesh();
    delete mesh;
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, NullMaterialsDoNotMatchBuiltinSurfacePasses) {
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(nullptr, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(nullptr, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, MaterialsWithoutShaderMetadataDoNotMatchBuiltinSurfacePasses) {
    Material noMetadataMaterial;
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&noMetadataMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&noMetadataMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShaderPassMetadataSupportsUnlitDepthAndObjectId) {
    Material unlitMaterial;
    auto* unlitShader = new Shader();
    ShaderPass unlitPass = {};
    unlitPass.name = "Unlit";
    unlitShader->AddPass(unlitPass);
    unlitMaterial.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(unlitShader));
    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&unlitMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&unlitMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));

    Material depthMaterial;
    auto* depthShader = new Shader();
    ShaderPass depthPass = {};
    depthPass.name = "DepthOnly";
    depthShader->AddPass(depthPass);
    depthMaterial.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(depthShader));
    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&depthMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::DepthOnly));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&depthMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));

    Material objectIdMaterial;
    auto* objectIdShader = new Shader();
    ShaderPass objectIdPass = {};
    objectIdPass.name = "ObjectId";
    objectIdShader->AddPass(objectIdPass);
    objectIdMaterial.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(objectIdShader));
    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&objectIdMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::ObjectId));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&objectIdMaterial, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShaderPassMetadataCanDriveBuiltinPassMatching) {
    Material material;
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPass forwardPass = {};
    forwardPass.name = "ForwardLit";
    shader->AddPass(forwardPass);

    ResourceHandle<Shader> shaderHandle(shader);
    material.SetShader(shaderHandle);

    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, CanonicalBuiltinPassMetadataMatchesFinalColorAndPostProcessPasses) {
    ShaderPass finalColorPass = {};
    finalColorPass.name = "FinalColor";
    EXPECT_TRUE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(finalColorPass, BuiltinMaterialPass::FinalColor));

    ShaderPass postProcessPass = {};
    postProcessPass.name = "ColorScale";
    EXPECT_TRUE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(postProcessPass, BuiltinMaterialPass::PostProcess));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, LegacyBuiltinPassAliasesDoNotMatchCanonicalBuiltinPasses) {
    ShaderPass forwardAliasByName = {};
    forwardAliasByName.name = "ForwardBase";
    EXPECT_FALSE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(forwardAliasByName, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));

    ShaderPassTagEntry forwardAliasTag = {};
    forwardAliasTag.name = "LightMode";
    forwardAliasTag.value = "ForwardBase";
    ShaderPass forwardAliasByTag = {};
    forwardAliasByTag.name = "Default";
    forwardAliasByTag.tags.PushBack(forwardAliasTag);
    EXPECT_FALSE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(forwardAliasByTag, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));

    ShaderPassTagEntry finalColorAliasTag = {};
    finalColorAliasTag.name = "LightMode";
    finalColorAliasTag.value = "FinalOutput";
    ShaderPass finalColorAliasPass = {};
    finalColorAliasPass.name = "Default";
    finalColorAliasPass.tags.PushBack(finalColorAliasTag);
    EXPECT_FALSE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(finalColorAliasPass, BuiltinMaterialPass::FinalColor));

    ShaderPassTagEntry postProcessAliasTag = {};
    postProcessAliasTag.name = "LightMode";
    postProcessAliasTag.value = "PostProcess";
    ShaderPass postProcessAliasPass = {};
    postProcessAliasPass.name = "Default";
    postProcessAliasPass.tags.PushBack(postProcessAliasTag);
    EXPECT_FALSE(ShaderPassMatchesBuiltinPass(postProcessAliasPass, BuiltinMaterialPass::PostProcess));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ExplicitShaderPassMetadataDisablesImplicitForwardFallback) {
    Material material;
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPass unlitPass = {};
    unlitPass.name = "Unlit";
    shader->AddPass(unlitPass);

    ResourceHandle<Shader> shaderHandle(shader);
    material.SetShader(shaderHandle);

    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShaderMetadataOverridesConflictingMaterialTags) {
    Material material;
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPass forwardPass = {};
    forwardPass.name = "ForwardLit";
    shader->AddPass(forwardPass);

    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));
    material.SetTag("LightMode", "DepthOnly");

    EXPECT_TRUE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ShadowCaster));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::DepthOnly));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, MaterialTagsDoNotOverrideMissingShaderMetadata) {
    Material material;
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPass defaultPass = {};
    defaultPass.name = "Default";
    shader->AddPass(defaultPass);

    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));
    material.SetTag("LightMode", "ShadowCaster");

    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ShadowCaster));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShadersWithoutBuiltinMetadataDoNotMatchBuiltinSurfacePasses) {
    Material material;
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPass defaultPass = {};
    defaultPass.name = "Default";
    shader->AddPass(defaultPass);

    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));

    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::ForwardLit));
    EXPECT_FALSE(MatchesBuiltinPass(&material, BuiltinMaterialPass::Unlit));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, MaterialsWithoutFormalShaderMetadataResolveBuiltinDefaultsOnly) {
    Material material;
    material.SetFloat4("baseColor", Vector4(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.6f, 0.8f));
    material.SetFloat("_Cutoff", 0.3f);
    material.SetFloat("opacity", 0.35f);

    Texture* baseColorTexture = new Texture();
    IResource::ConstructParams textureParams = {};
    textureParams.name = "AliasBaseColor";
    textureParams.path = "Textures/alias_base_color.texture";
    textureParams.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(textureParams.path);
    baseColorTexture->Initialize(textureParams);
    material.SetTexture("_BaseColorTexture", ResourceHandle<Texture>(baseColorTexture));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorFactor(&material), Vector4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinAlphaCutoff(&material), 0.5f);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorTexture(&material), nullptr);
    EXPECT_FALSE(ResolveSchemaMaterialConstantPayload(&material).IsValid());
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ResolvesBuiltinForwardMaterialContractFromShaderSemanticMetadata) {
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPropertyDesc colorProperty = {};
    colorProperty.name = "TintColor";
    colorProperty.displayName = "Tint";
    colorProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Color;
    colorProperty.semantic = "BaseColor";
    shader->AddProperty(colorProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc textureProperty = {};
    textureProperty.name = "AlbedoMap";
    textureProperty.displayName = "Albedo";
    textureProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Texture2D;
    textureProperty.semantic = "BaseColorTexture";
    shader->AddProperty(textureProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc cutoffProperty = {};
    cutoffProperty.name = "AlphaClipThreshold";
    cutoffProperty.displayName = "Alpha Clip";
    cutoffProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Range;
    cutoffProperty.defaultValue = "0.5";
    cutoffProperty.semantic = "AlphaCutoff";
    shader->AddProperty(cutoffProperty);

    Material material;
    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));
    material.SetFloat4("TintColor", Vector4(0.3f, 0.5f, 0.7f, 0.9f));
    material.SetFloat("AlphaClipThreshold", 0.61f);

    Texture* texture = new Texture();
    IResource::ConstructParams textureParams = {};
    textureParams.name = "SemanticTexture";
    textureParams.path = "Textures/semantic_base_color.texture";
    textureParams.guid = ResourceGUID::Generate(textureParams.path);
    texture->Initialize(textureParams);
    material.SetTexture("AlbedoMap", ResourceHandle<Texture>(texture));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorFactor(&material), Vector4(0.3f, 0.5f, 0.7f, 0.9f));
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorTexture(&material), texture);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinAlphaCutoff(&material), 0.61f);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ResolvesBuiltinForwardMaterialContractFromShaderSemanticDefaults) {
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPropertyDesc colorProperty = {};
    colorProperty.name = "TintColor";
    colorProperty.displayName = "Tint";
    colorProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Color;
    colorProperty.defaultValue = "(0.11,0.22,0.33,0.44)";
    colorProperty.semantic = "BaseColor";
    shader->AddProperty(colorProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc cutoffProperty = {};
    cutoffProperty.name = "_Cutoff";
    cutoffProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Range;
    cutoffProperty.defaultValue = "0.37";
    cutoffProperty.semantic = "AlphaCutoff";
    shader->AddProperty(cutoffProperty);

    Material material;
    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorFactor(&material), Vector4(0.11f, 0.22f, 0.33f, 0.44f));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinAlphaCutoff(&material), 0.37f);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorTexture(&material), nullptr);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ResolvesBuiltinSkyboxMaterialContractFromShaderSemanticMetadata) {
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPropertyDesc tintProperty = {};
    tintProperty.name = "SkyTintColor";
    tintProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Color;
    tintProperty.semantic = "Tint";
    shader->AddProperty(tintProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc exposureProperty = {};
    exposureProperty.name = "ExposureControl";
    exposureProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Float;
    exposureProperty.semantic = "Exposure";
    shader->AddProperty(exposureProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc rotationProperty = {};
    rotationProperty.name = "SkyYawDegrees";
    rotationProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Float;
    rotationProperty.semantic = "Rotation";
    shader->AddProperty(rotationProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc panoramicProperty = {};
    panoramicProperty.name = "SkyPanorama";
    panoramicProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Texture2D;
    panoramicProperty.semantic = "SkyboxPanoramicTexture";
    shader->AddProperty(panoramicProperty);

    Material panoramicMaterial;
    panoramicMaterial.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));
    panoramicMaterial.SetFloat4("SkyTintColor", Vector4(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f, 1.0f));
    panoramicMaterial.SetFloat("ExposureControl", 1.35f);
    panoramicMaterial.SetFloat("SkyYawDegrees", 27.0f);
    Texture* panoramicTexture = CreateTestTexture("Textures/sky_panorama.texture", TextureType::Texture2D);
    panoramicMaterial.SetTexture("SkyPanorama", ResourceHandle<Texture>(panoramicTexture));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxTint(&panoramicMaterial), Vector4(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f, 1.0f));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxExposure(&panoramicMaterial), 1.35f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxRotationDegrees(&panoramicMaterial), 27.0f);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxPanoramicTexture(&panoramicMaterial), panoramicTexture);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxCubemapTexture(&panoramicMaterial), nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxTextureMode(&panoramicMaterial), BuiltinSkyboxTextureMode::Panoramic);

    auto* cubemapShader = new Shader();
    ShaderPropertyDesc cubemapProperty = {};
    cubemapProperty.name = "EnvironmentCube";
    cubemapProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::TextureCube;
    cubemapProperty.semantic = "SkyboxTexture";
    cubemapShader->AddProperty(cubemapProperty);

    Material cubemapMaterial;
    cubemapMaterial.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(cubemapShader));
    Texture* cubemapTexture = CreateTestTexture("Textures/sky_cube.texture", TextureType::TextureCube);
    cubemapMaterial.SetTexture("EnvironmentCube", ResourceHandle<Texture>(cubemapTexture));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxPanoramicTexture(&cubemapMaterial), nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxCubemapTexture(&cubemapMaterial), cubemapTexture);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxTextureMode(&cubemapMaterial), BuiltinSkyboxTextureMode::Cubemap);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, SkyboxMaterialDoesNotUseLegacyPropertyNameFallbacksWithoutSemanticMetadata) {
    Material material;
    material.SetFloat4("_Tint", Vector4(0.8f, 0.7f, 0.6f, 1.0f));
    material.SetFloat("_Exposure", 2.0f);
    material.SetFloat("_Rotation", 45.0f);

    Texture* panoramicTexture = CreateTestTexture("Textures/legacy_panorama.texture", TextureType::Texture2D);
    Texture* cubemapTexture = CreateTestTexture("Textures/legacy_cube.texture", TextureType::TextureCube);
    material.SetTexture("_MainTex", ResourceHandle<Texture>(panoramicTexture));
    material.SetTexture("_Tex", ResourceHandle<Texture>(cubemapTexture));

    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxTint(&material), Vector4::One());
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxExposure(&material), 1.0f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxRotationDegrees(&material), 0.0f);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxPanoramicTexture(&material), nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxCubemapTexture(&material), nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveSkyboxTextureMode(&material), BuiltinSkyboxTextureMode::None);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ExposesSchemaDrivenMaterialConstantPayload) {
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPropertyDesc colorProperty = {};
    colorProperty.name = "_BaseColor";
    colorProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Color;
    colorProperty.defaultValue = "(0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0)";
    colorProperty.semantic = "BaseColor";
    shader->AddProperty(colorProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc cutoffProperty = {};
    cutoffProperty.name = "_Cutoff";
    cutoffProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Range;
    cutoffProperty.defaultValue = "0.6";
    cutoffProperty.semantic = "AlphaCutoff";
    shader->AddProperty(cutoffProperty);

    Material material;
    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));

    const MaterialConstantPayloadView payload = ResolveSchemaMaterialConstantPayload(&material);
    ASSERT_TRUE(payload.IsValid());
    ASSERT_EQ(payload.size, 32u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(payload.layout.IsValid());
    ASSERT_EQ(payload.layout.count, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.size, 32u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[0].name, "_BaseColor");
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[0].offset, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[0].size, 16u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[0].alignedSize, 16u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[1].name, "_Cutoff");
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[1].offset, 16u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[1].size, 4u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[1].alignedSize, 16u);

    const float* values = static_cast<const float*>(payload.data);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values[0], 0.25f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values[1], 0.5f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values[2], 0.75f);
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values[3], 1.0f);
    const float* cutoffValues = static_cast<const float*>(payload.data) + 4;
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cutoffValues[0], 0.6f);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, BuildsBuiltinDepthStylePayloadFromMaterialSemantics) {
    auto* shader = new Shader();

    ShaderPropertyDesc colorProperty = {};
    colorProperty.name = "_BaseColor";
    colorProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Color;
    colorProperty.defaultValue = "(1,1,1,1)";
    colorProperty.semantic = "BaseColor";
    shader->AddProperty(colorProperty);

    ShaderPropertyDesc cutoffProperty = {};
    cutoffProperty.name = "_Cutoff";
    cutoffProperty.type = ShaderPropertyType::Range;
    cutoffProperty.defaultValue = "0.5";
    cutoffProperty.semantic = "AlphaCutoff";
    shader->AddProperty(cutoffProperty);

    Material material;
    material.SetShader(ResourceHandle<Shader>(shader));
    material.SetFloat4("_BaseColor", Vector4(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.6f, 0.8f));
    material.SetFloat("_Cutoff", 0.35f);

    BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants constants = {};
    MaterialConstantFieldDesc layout[2] = {};
    const MaterialConstantPayloadView payload =
        ResolveBuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstantPayload(&material, constants, layout);

    ASSERT_TRUE(payload.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.size, sizeof(BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants));
    ASSERT_TRUE(payload.layout.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.count, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[0].name, "gBaseColorFactor");
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.layout.fields[1].name, "gAlphaCutoffParams");

    const auto* typedConstants = static_cast<const BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants*>(payload.data);
    ASSERT_NE(typedConstants, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(typedConstants->baseColorFactor, Vector4(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.6f, 0.8f));
    EXPECT_EQ(typedConstants->alphaCutoffParams, Vector4(0.35f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, BuildsBuiltinDepthStylePayloadDefaultsWithoutMaterial) {
    BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants constants = {};
    MaterialConstantFieldDesc layout[2] = {};
    const MaterialConstantPayloadView payload =
        ResolveBuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstantPayload(nullptr, constants, layout);

    ASSERT_TRUE(payload.IsValid());
    EXPECT_EQ(payload.size, sizeof(BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants));

    const auto* typedConstants = static_cast<const BuiltinDepthStyleMaterialConstants*>(payload.data);
    ASSERT_NE(typedConstants, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(typedConstants->baseColorFactor, Vector4::One());
    EXPECT_EQ(typedConstants->alphaCutoffParams, Vector4(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, DoesNotUseOpacityFallbackWithoutFormalShaderSemanticMetadata) {
    Material material;
    material.SetFloat("opacity", 0.35f);
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorFactor(&material), Vector4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));

    material.SetFloat4("baseColor", Vector4(0.9f, 0.8f, 0.7f, 0.6f));
    EXPECT_EQ(ResolveBuiltinBaseColorFactor(&material), Vector4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ResolvesRuntimeStructuredBufferIntoBufferViewMetadata) {
    Material material;
    MockRenderBuffer buffer(1024u, 32u);
    MaterialBufferBindingViewDesc viewDesc = {};
    viewDesc.firstElement = 2u;
    viewDesc.elementCount = 6u;
    material.SetBuffer("VolumeNodes", &buffer, viewDesc);

    BuiltinPassResourceBindingDesc binding = {};
    binding.name = "VolumeNodes";
    binding.semantic = BuiltinPassResourceSemantic::MaterialBuffer;
    binding.resourceType = ShaderResourceType::StructuredBuffer;
    binding.location = { 2u, 1u };

    MaterialBufferResourceView resolvedView = {};
    ASSERT_TRUE(TryResolveMaterialBufferResourceView(&material, binding, resolvedView));
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.buffer, &buffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.viewType, XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewType::ShaderResource);
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.viewDesc.dimension, XCEngine::RHI::ResourceViewDimension::StructuredBuffer);
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.viewDesc.firstElement, 2u);
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.viewDesc.elementCount, 6u);
    EXPECT_EQ(resolvedView.viewDesc.structureByteStride, 32u);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, MapsMaterialRenderStateToRhiDescriptors) {
    Material material;
    MaterialRenderState renderState;
    renderState.cullMode = MaterialCullMode::Back;
    renderState.blendEnable = true;
    renderState.srcBlend = MaterialBlendFactor::SrcAlpha;
    renderState.dstBlend = MaterialBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha;
    renderState.srcBlendAlpha = MaterialBlendFactor::One;
    renderState.dstBlendAlpha = MaterialBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha;
    renderState.blendOp = MaterialBlendOp::Add;
    renderState.blendOpAlpha = MaterialBlendOp::Subtract;
    renderState.colorWriteMask = 0x7;
    renderState.depthTestEnable = true;
    renderState.depthWriteEnable = false;
    renderState.depthFunc = MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual;
    renderState.depthBiasFactor = 1.25f;
    renderState.depthBiasUnits = 4;
    renderState.stencil.enabled = true;
    renderState.stencil.reference = 9;
    renderState.stencil.readMask = 0x3F;
    renderState.stencil.writeMask = 0x1F;
    renderState.stencil.front.func = MaterialComparisonFunc::Equal;
    renderState.stencil.front.failOp = MaterialStencilOp::Replace;
    renderState.stencil.front.passOp = MaterialStencilOp::IncrWrap;
    renderState.stencil.front.depthFailOp = MaterialStencilOp::DecrSat;
    renderState.stencil.back.func = MaterialComparisonFunc::NotEqual;
    renderState.stencil.back.failOp = MaterialStencilOp::Invert;
    renderState.stencil.back.passOp = MaterialStencilOp::DecrWrap;
    renderState.stencil.back.depthFailOp = MaterialStencilOp::Zero;
    material.SetRenderState(renderState);

    const MaterialRenderState effectiveRenderState = ResolveEffectiveRenderState(nullptr, &material);
    const XCEngine::RHI::RasterizerDesc rasterizerState = BuildRasterizerState(effectiveRenderState);
    const XCEngine::RHI::BlendDesc blendState = BuildBlendState(effectiveRenderState);
    const XCEngine::RHI::DepthStencilStateDesc depthStencilState = BuildDepthStencilState(effectiveRenderState);

    EXPECT_EQ(rasterizerState.cullMode, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::CullMode::Back));
    EXPECT_EQ(rasterizerState.frontFace, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::FrontFace::CounterClockwise));
    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rasterizerState.slopeScaledDepthBias, 1.25f);
    EXPECT_EQ(rasterizerState.depthBias, 4);

    EXPECT_TRUE(blendState.blendEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.srcBlend, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendFactor::SrcAlpha));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.dstBlend, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.srcBlendAlpha, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendFactor::One));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.dstBlendAlpha, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.blendOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendOp::Add));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.blendOpAlpha, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::BlendOp::Subtract));
    EXPECT_EQ(blendState.colorWriteMask, 0x7);

    EXPECT_TRUE(depthStencilState.depthTestEnable);
    EXPECT_FALSE(depthStencilState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.depthFunc, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::ComparisonFunc::LessEqual));
    EXPECT_TRUE(depthStencilState.stencilEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.stencilReadMask, 0x3F);
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.stencilWriteMask, 0x1F);
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.front.func, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::ComparisonFunc::Equal));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.front.failOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::Replace));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.front.passOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::Incr));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.front.depthFailOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::DecrSat));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.back.func, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::ComparisonFunc::NotEqual));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.back.failOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::Invert));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.back.passOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::Decr));
    EXPECT_EQ(depthStencilState.back.depthFailOp, static_cast<uint32_t>(XCEngine::RHI::StencilOp::Zero));
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, PipelineStateKeyStripsDynamicStencilReference) {
    MaterialRenderState renderState = {};
    renderState.stencil.enabled = true;
    renderState.stencil.reference = 12;
    renderState.stencil.front.func = MaterialComparisonFunc::Always;
    renderState.stencil.back.func = MaterialComparisonFunc::Always;

    const MaterialRenderState keyState = BuildStaticPipelineRenderStateKey(renderState);
    EXPECT_TRUE(keyState.stencil.enabled);
    EXPECT_EQ(keyState.stencil.reference, 0u);
    EXPECT_EQ(keyState.stencil.front.func, MaterialComparisonFunc::Always);
    EXPECT_EQ(keyState.stencil.back.func, MaterialComparisonFunc::Always);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShaderPassFixedFunctionStateIsUsedBeforeLegacyMaterialOverride) {
    ShaderPass shaderPass = {};
    shaderPass.name = "ForwardLit";
    shaderPass.hasFixedFunctionState = true;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.cullMode = MaterialCullMode::Back;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.blendEnable = true;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.srcBlend = MaterialBlendFactor::SrcAlpha;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.dstBlend = MaterialBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.srcBlendAlpha = MaterialBlendFactor::SrcAlpha;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.dstBlendAlpha = MaterialBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.depthWriteEnable = false;
    shaderPass.fixedFunctionState.depthFunc = MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual;

    Material material;
    MaterialRenderState effectiveState = ResolveEffectiveRenderState(&shaderPass, &material);
    EXPECT_EQ(effectiveState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Back);
    EXPECT_TRUE(effectiveState.blendEnable);
    EXPECT_FALSE(effectiveState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(effectiveState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::LessEqual);

    MaterialRenderState legacyOverride = {};
    legacyOverride.cullMode = MaterialCullMode::Front;
    legacyOverride.depthWriteEnable = true;
    material.SetRenderState(legacyOverride);

    effectiveState = ResolveEffectiveRenderState(&shaderPass, &material);
    EXPECT_EQ(effectiveState.cullMode, MaterialCullMode::Front);
    EXPECT_FALSE(effectiveState.blendEnable);
    EXPECT_TRUE(effectiveState.depthWriteEnable);
    EXPECT_EQ(effectiveState.depthFunc, MaterialComparisonFunc::Less);
}

TEST(RenderMaterialUtility_Test, ShaderPassQueueTagResolvesAuthoringRenderQueue) {
    ShaderPass shaderPass = {};
    shaderPass.tags.PushBack({ "Queue", "Transparent" });

    int32 renderQueue = 0;
    EXPECT_TRUE(TryResolveShaderPassRenderQueue(shaderPass, renderQueue));
    EXPECT_EQ(renderQueue, static_cast<int32>(MaterialRenderQueue::Transparent));
}

} // namespace